不同施肥处理对马铃薯农田土壤理化性状及产量的影响

为了探究不同施肥处理对马铃薯农田土壤理化性状及产量的影响,试验地采用马铃薯连作模式,设置3个施肥处理,即：单施化肥(T)、有机肥配施化肥(YTF 1/2)、全量有机肥(YTF)。结果表明：在不同施肥处理下马铃薯农田土壤的理化性质和马铃薯产量发生了变化,其中变化最为明显的土壤指标有土壤容重、孔隙度、饱和导水率、有效磷。YTF处理较T处理可分别显著(P<0.05)降低土壤容重16.8%,增加土壤孔隙度12.7%,提升饱和导水率25.3%。YTF处理可显著提升土壤有效磷含量43.0%,但各处理间土壤pH、有机碳、全氮、全磷、碱解氮、速效钾之间差异并未达到显著水平。同时,较之T处理,YTF处理亦可显著提升土壤团聚体含量。YTF和YTF 1/2处理可分别较T处理提升马铃薯产量24.6%和12.8%。因此,施用有机肥不仅可以改善土壤结构,改良土壤物理性状,亦能促产增收。

Effects of Different Fertilization Treatments on Soil Physical and Chemical Properties and Yield of Potato

To explore the influence of organic fertilizer on the physical and chemical properties of potato soil, the experiment adopted the potato continuous planting mode and set 3 fertilization treatments, namely: single fertilizer application (T), organic fertilizer combined with chemical fertilizer (YTF 1/2) and full amount of organic fertilizer (YTF). The results showed that the physical and chemical properties of potato field soil and potato yield changed under different fertilization treatments, among which the most obvious changes were found in soil indexes of soil bulk density, porosity, saturated water conductivity and available phosphorus. Compared with T treatment, YTF treatment could significantly reduce soil bulk density by 16.8% (P<0.05) and increase soil porosity by 12.7% and the saturated conductivity by 25.3%, and YTF treatment could significantly increase soil available phosphorus content by 43.0%. However, the differences of soil pH, organic carbon, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen and available potassium among all the treatments were not significant. Meanwhile, compared to T treatment, YTF treatment could also significantly increase the content of soil aggregates. YTF and YTF 1/2 treatment could increase potato yield by 24.6% and 12.8%, respectively, compared with T treatment. Therefore, applying organic fertilizer could not only improve soil structure and soil physical properties, but also increase yield and income.