播期对鄂中北地区不同类型粳稻产量、生育期及温光利用的影响

为了明确鄂中北地区稻麦周年轮作模式下,播期对不同类型粳稻生育期、产量及其构成因素、温光资源利用的影响,以常规早熟中粳、中熟中粳、迟熟中粳、籼粳杂交早熟中粳和籼粳杂交中熟中粳为材料,在湖北省襄阳市农业科学院团山试验基地进行试验。结果表明,随着播期推迟,各类型粳稻生育期均显著缩短,迟熟中粳缩短幅度最大,籼粳杂交早熟中粳缩短幅度最小。各类型粳稻营养生长阶段受温光影响较大,而生殖生长阶段相对稳定;随着播期推迟,各类型粳稻全生育期有效积温及其利用率显著降低,日照时数利用率呈减少趋势。同一播期内,籼粳杂交中粳热量利用率高于常规中粳;各类型粳稻产量均以第Ⅰ播期最高,第Ⅴ播期最低,产量下降的主要原因是每穗颖花数和结实率显著降低。鄂中北地区粳麦周年轮作模式下,粳稻应首选籼粳杂交中熟中粳和常规迟熟中粳,其次是籼粳杂交早熟中粳。籼粳杂交中熟中粳和常规迟熟中粳的最佳播期为5月9日-5月15日。

Effects of Seeding Date on Yield,Growth Period and Utilization of Temperature and Sunshine of Different Types of Japonica Rice in North Central of Hubei Province

To investigate the effects of seeding date on the growth period, yield and its components, and utilization of heat and sunshine of different types of japonica rice under the annual rotation model of the middle-north japonica-wheat in Hubei. The conventional early-maturing medium japonica, medium-maturing medium japonica, late-maturing medium japonica, hybrid early-maturing medium japonica, and hybrid medium-maturing medium japonica were used as test materials, and test was carried out at the Tuanshan Experimental Base of Xiangyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Hubei Province. The results showed that with the delay of the seeding date, the growth periods of all types of japonica rice were shortened significantly, the late-maturing medium japonica had the largest shortening range, and hybrid early-maturing medium japonica had the smallest shortening range. The vegetative growth stage of various types of japonica rice was greatly affected by heat and light, while the reproductive growth stage was relatively stable. As the seeding date was postponed, the effective accumulated temperature of all types of japonica rice during the whole growth period were significantly reduced, and the effective accumulated temperature utilization rate were significantly reduced. Sunshine hours utilization rate showed a decreasing trend. At the same seeding date, the heat utilization rate of hybrid medium japonica was higher than that of conventional medium japonica. The yield of various types of japonica rice was the highest at the Ⅰ stage and the lowest at the Ⅴ stage. The decrease of yield was due to a significant decrease in spikelets per panicle and seed setting rate. Under the annual cropping model of Hubei, middle-north japonica wheat, the first choice for japonica rice is hybrid medium-maturing medium japonica and conventional late-maturing medium japonica, followed by hybrid early-maturing medium japonica. The best seeding date for hybrid medium-maturing medium japonica and late-maturing medium japonica were May 9th to May 15th.