空心村整治还田材料土壤培肥效果分析

为改善空心村复垦为耕地后的土壤状况,迅速恢复农业生产,选取7种不同还田材料进行小区试验,分析了不同还田材料对土壤贮水量、养分含量、株高、玉米产量及水分利用效率的影响。结果表明:不同还田材料在夏玉米生长季0—105cm土层土壤贮水量显著高于对照(P0.05),生长季的平均土壤贮水量较对照增加了10.2~32.9mm;作物种植后不同还田材料下空心村复垦土壤较对照有机质、全氮、有效磷和速效钾含量分别提高了12.50%~66.44%,15.15%~20.00%,6.58%~64.62%和18.24%~26.82%,养分含量较对照差异显著(P0.05);各还田材料之间除全氮外,其他养分含量差异显著(P0.05);各还田材料夏玉米平均株高较对照差异显著,分别提高了13~29cm;TFC、TF、TSC、TSF和TFC处理相对于T0均显著提高了玉米产量,增幅为18.40%~48.50%,TF、TSC和TSF处理显著提高了夏玉米的水分利用效率,增幅为12.52%~44.47%。在黄土丘陵区空心村整治中,有机肥和粉煤灰的复合施用可明显改善农田土壤水热及养分含量状况,增加夏玉米株高、产量和水分利用效率,是黄土丘陵空心村整治中最适合的还田材料,对提升空心村整治还田质量有重要的意义。

Effects of the Returning Materials on Soil Fertility of Reclaimed Hollow Village

In order to improve the soil condition after the reclamation of hollow village, and to resume the agricultural production quickly, seven different returning materials were selected, and their effects on soil water storage, soil nutrition, water use efficiency and crop yield were analyzed. The results revealed that the soil water storage (0-105 cm) of different returning materials were significantly higher than the control in the summer maize growing season (P<0.05). The average soil water storage was increased by 10.2 mm to 32.9 mm than control. Different returning materials could effectively increase temperature and conserve soil moisture. After reclamation in the seasons, the organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium of the reclaimed soil using the different returning materials were respectively increased by 12.50%~66.44%, 15.15%~20.00%, 6.58%~64.62% and 18.24%~26.82% compared with the control. The nutrients contents were significantly different from the control (P<0.05), there was significant difference in nutrients contents except the total nitrogen using the different returning materials(P<0.05). The average height of maize using the different returning materials was significantly higher than that of the control, which increased by 13~29 cm. Compared with T0, TFC, TF, TSC, TSF and TFC treatment significantly increased the yield of maize, by 18.40%~48.50%, TF, TSC and TSF treatment significantly increased the water use efficiency of summer maize, by 12.52%~44.47%. In the loess hilly region in the hollow village renovation, the composited application of organic fertilizer and fly ash could obviously improve farmland soil water, heat and nutrients contents, improve the summer maize plant height, yield and water use efficiency. These two should be the most suitable returning materials for the loess hilly hollow village renovation, and have an important significance for the improvement of soil quality in the reclaimed hollow village.