废弃卡林型金矿区结皮苔藓植物蓄水作用和成土功能研究

通过野外调查和实验室分析,对贵州省兴义市新路废弃卡林型金矿区苔藓植物进行了研究。结果显示,该矿区共计有苔藓植物4科6属7种,未发现苔类和角苔,种类组成较单调,其中丛藓科(Pottiaceae)和真藓科(Bryaceae)为优势科;生活型有2种类型:矮丛集型(85.71%)和交织型(14.29%),矮丛集型占有绝对优势;并对该矿区结皮优势苔藓植物硬叶扭口藓、卵蒴真藓、毛口藓和小青藓的生物量、成土量、饱和吸水率和饱和吸水量进行了测定分析。结果显示,该矿区生物量为3.00～52.40g/m2;成土量为217.50～3 695.80g/m2;饱和吸水量为35.10～684.30g/m2;饱和吸水率为1 170.00%～3 637.00%。研究表明,在喀斯特石漠化严重的废弃金矿区,对于在缺少土壤,水土流失严重和植被破坏大的环境区域,苔藓植物以其特有的生态功能在石漠化治理,蓄水作用和成土功能,植被恢复及生态治理等方面起到十分重要的作用。

Water Conservation and Pedogenic Function of Bryophytes in Abandoned Carlin Gold Mine

The bryophytes found in an abandoned Carlin gold mine of Xingyi City,Guizhou Province were investigated in this study.According to field survey and identification of the bryophyte specimens,seven taxa in six genera of four families were found.Pottiaceae and Bryaceae were the dominant families and no Hepaticae and Anthocerotae was identified.The life-forms of the bryophyte were mainly short turfs(85.71%)and the others were wefts(14.29%).The dominant bryophytes are Barbula rigidula(Hedw.)Mild.,Bryum blindii B.S.G.,Trichostomu brachydontium Bruch.and Brachythecium perminusculum C.Muell.Of these species,the biomass range from 3.00to 52.40g/m2,with formed soil varying from 217.50to 3 695.80 g/m2,water holding capacity from 35.10to 684.30g/m2,and saturated water absorption ratio from 1 170.00% to 3 637.00%.These results indicate that the bryophyte crust found in the mine had great ability to absorb and reserve water and played an important role in soil formation,rock desertification control and ecological environment renovation in karst areas.