保水剂施用方式对河套灌区土壤水热条件及玉米生长的影响

为了鉴别保水剂不同施用方式对土壤水分、土壤温度和玉米生长的影响,在内蒙古河套灌区以不施保水剂为对照,开展了沟施、混施、撒施、穴施的田间试验。结果表明,不同施用方式提高了土壤水分,特别是在干旱的抽雄吐丝期、灌浆期具有显著作用。幼苗期、三叶期不同施用方式的土壤温度上升缓慢,抑制了玉米幼苗的生长。拔节期到收获期不同施用方式促进了玉米生长,延长了玉米生长期,提高了玉米产量及生物量,提高了水分利用效率、水分产出率和灌溉水产出率。不同施用方式中,沟施的效果相对较好,撒施较差。研究表明,河套灌区玉米生产中施用保水剂应以沟施为主。

Effects of Super Absorbent Applied by Different Methods on Soil Moisture, Soil Temperature and Maize Growth

In order to determine the effects of super absorbent applied by different methods on soil moisture, soil temperature and maize growth, field experiments were conducted in the Hetao irrigation district, I nner Mongolia. Super absorbent was applied using the four methods of furrowing, mixing, broadcasting and holing in contrast to the case without super absorbent applied. Results showed that all application methods increased soil moisture, particularly there were significant effects at drought stage when maize is in tasseling-silking and grain filling. All application methods decreased soil temperature at seedling and trefoil stage and inhibited the growth of maize seedling. All application methods promoted maize growth from jointing to maturing, extended maize growing period, and increased maize yields and biomass, water use efficiency, w ater production rate and irrigation water production rate. Among the four application methods, the effect of furrowing was better and the effect of broadcasting was worse. Optimum application method of super absorbent should be the furrowing in Hetao irrigation district in maize production.