数字果树及其技术体系研究进展

果树是重要的农林植物。在万物智联时代，利用数字化、智能化、网络化技术建立数字果树技术体系，实现对果树生命、生产和生态复杂系统的高效感知、认知和智慧管控，对于果业实现数字化转型具有重要意义。该研究在数字植物技术范畴下，系统论述了数字果树的概念和内涵，提出了数字果树技术体系框架。重点在果树表型信息获取、环境数据获取、三维模型计算、数字育种、果树大数据和虚拟现实技术等方面综述了数字果树研究进展。从产业应用角度，综述了数字果树技术在树形管理、生长监测、种植管理、农技培训、品牌营销等方面应用效果和挑战。最后，展望了数字果树发展趋势、研究热点和技术突破方向，以期为数字果树的进一步发展提供思路与借鉴。

Research progress of digital fruit trees and its technology system

Fruit trees are important agricultural and forestry plants; their life is a complex system. Digital technology can help humans effectively perceive and recognize the life, production, and ecosystem of fruit trees, and then realize intelligent production. Nowadays, reducing the planting cost of fruit trees, improving the quality of fruit products, and promoting the marketing of fruit products, digital technology has increasingly become a hot research topic of fruit tree planting, and it is also an urgent need for the development of fruit industry. In this review, firstly, the concept and connotation of digital fruit tree were discussed systematically under the category of digital plant technology, its concept was defined as a theoretical technology and technical service platform system that comprehensively uses digital technology to study life, production, and ecosystem of fruit trees through high-throughput information acquisition and intelligent processing, and to realize the quantification, visual perception, and cognition of complex system of fruit trees. Secondly, the framework of the digital fruit tree technology system was put forward, its main modules included the classification of digital elements, digital data acquisition, construction of the digital cognitive model, and digital application services, then, the hierarchical structure of the technical framework was described in detail. Thirdly, the research progress of key technologies of digital fruit trees were systematically reviewed, including five aspects: 1) the fruit tree phenotype information acquisition technologies; 2) the fruit tree growth environment data acquisition technologies; 3) the fruit tree three-dimensional model construction and visualization technology; 4) the fruit tree digital breeding technologies; 5) the fruit big data and virtual reality technology. At the same time, the current development progress and technical bottlenecks of various key technologies were reviewed. Among them, the phenotypic technology runs through the lifeline of digital fruit trees, which is the key link in the construction of a digital fruit tree technology system. Under different scales of the sky, air, and earth, therefore, the performance characteristics, the phenotype platform flux, the accuracy and efficiency of phenotype acquisition sensors were summarized in this review. Indeed, phenotypic information acquisition and analysis technology are still one of the bottlenecks. Digital fruit tree technology has been widely used in many links of fruit production. So, fourthly, the effects and challenges were reviewed and discussed in detail from the perspective of fruit industry application. At present, the main application scenarios of digital fruit technology include tree shape management, growth monitoring, planting management, digital agricultural technology training, digital brand building, agricultural tourism digital service, and so on. Typical application cases were classified and introduced to provide application ideas for researchers and fruit production management personnel. Fifthly, the development trend, research hotspots, and technical breakthrough direction of digital fruit trees prospected, including big data technology, artificial intelligence technology, multi reconfiguration technology, virtual reality technology, and so on. To improve the intelligence level for the digital fruit tree technology system, the different technologies should be integrated deeply. This review could provide a useful reference for the further development of the digital fruit trees, for knowing the research hot spot, and for understanding the application bottleneck.