关于中国农业工程类专业建设和人才培养的若干思考

新时代全面推进乡村振兴和加快农业农村现代化赋予了农业工程新的职责和使命,提供了更加广阔的天地和发展机遇。大学面临着科技发展的新挑战、社会发展的新要求和人才需求的新变化,未来的教育将更加开放、适合、人本、平等、可持续。农业工程教育面临前所未有的挑战和机遇,迫切需要我们思考应如何培养高度智能化的未来农业的创造者、引领者和支撑者;思考如何聚焦本学科专业,坚守农业工程主体地位,使学科专业形成螺旋式上升的良性循环。该文分析了国际农业工程学科专业的发展,表明国际农业工程人才培养已凸显农业、工程、生物、信息的交叉,交叉融合的核心课程体系已成为专业学生不可替代性的标签。该文认为,强化本专业学生的不可替代性是强化学科专业主体地位和推动学科专业声誉形成螺旋式上升良性循环的关键所在,建议通过4个转变(从注重知识本位向提升素养本位转变,从专业教育向专业+通识教育并重转变,从高度专业化培养向宽专交融合转变和从偏重职业技能向注重全面成长转变),推动"新农业工程"的建设。

Some thoughts on the agricultural engineering discipline construction and talent cultivation in China

Abstract: Agriculture is the critical industry that supports the national economy and people''s livelihood. The shortage of labor resources, high-quality consumer demand, strict ecological environment requirements and increasingly intensified international competition have prompted the rapid development of China''s agriculture towards the direction of mechanization, information, refinement, intelligence and unmanned operations. Agricultural engineering plays a vital role in agricultural modernization and rural revitalization. Universities are faced with new challenges from technological development, new requirements from social development, and new changes in the demand for talents. In the future, education will be more open, appropriate, human-oriented, equal and sustainable. This article reviewed the unprecedented challenges and opportunities faced by agricultural engineering education, and the unprecedented development of technologies, which had expanded the new territory for the development of agricultural engineering education. The vigorous development of new forms of agriculture provides opportunities for agricultural engineering talents. Agricultural engineering industry is facing new challenges from multiple competitions and the need of the construction of new agricultural and engineering disciplines. Agricultural engineering education faces unprecedented challenges and opportunities. It is urgent for us to think about how to cultivate highly intelligent future innovators, leaders and supporters in agriculture; think about how to focus on the discipline of agricultural engineering, stick to the main responsibility, and form sustainable development. According to the analysis of international agricultural engineering discipline development, this paper found that the cultivation of international agricultural engineering talents had highlighted the intersection of agriculture, engineering, biology and information. The original curriculum system had been completely transformed and expanded, which greatly enhanced professional adaptability and competitiveness. Moreover, the core curriculum system had been the label of the irreplaceability of professional students. For example, among the 86 undergraduate programs majored in agricultural engineering in the United States, biochemistry courses with an opening rate of more than 20% included General Chemistry I (100%), Biology I (71%), and Organic Chemistry (55%), General Chemistry II (53%), Biological Materials Science (51%), Microbiology (35%), General Biology II (30%), Biochemistry (23%), and Bioreactor (Kinetics) (23%). Professional reforms had enabled the undergraduate education of agricultural engineering disciplines in the United States to achieve leapfrog development. The outstanding contributions of agricultural engineering disciplines to economic and social development were recognized by the whole society, and agricultural engineers had become an important and unique category of professional engineers. Given these successful experiences, the authors believed that strengthening the irreplaceability of the students majored in agricultural engineering was the key to strengthening and promoting the reputation of our discipline. The authors recommend four changes: from focusing on knowledge-based teaching to improving comprehensive literacy, from professional education to combined professional and general education, from highly specialized training to interdisciplinary cultivation, and from focusing on professional skills to focusing on overall development, aiming for the development of new agricultural engineering.