论社会资本的性质与类型

社会资本虽然区别于物质资本、金融资本与人力资本,但同物质资本、金融资本与人力资本一样,也是人类社会经济生活中不可或缺的一类资源。认知型社会资本与结构型社会资本是相辅相成的关系。社会资本可分别从个人社会资本、组织社会资本、社区社会资本和国家社会资本等不同层面进行考察。由于社会资本是一个基本概念,涵盖了诸多人际合作性互动中产生的认知类和结构类产物,是各种社会资本形式的集合,如果不进行类别分析,就断言所有的社会资本形式都是公共物品抑或私人物品,那就难免犯以偏概全的错误。对于社会资本的正、负外部性给出一个既能够自洽又具有科学性的解释,必须从社会资本是人际合作性互动的产物去探究:基于善的愿望和动机进行人际合作性互动,产生正的外部性;而出于恶的动机进行人际合作性互动,则产生负的外部性。

An Inquire into Several Theoretical Problems of Social Capital

Though social capital is different from physical capital,financial capital and human capital,social capital is also a necessary resource in our life.Cognitive social capital and structural social capital is interacting.Social capital can be studied from different levels including personal social capital,organizational social capital,community social capital and state social capital.Because social capital is a fundamental concept,it is the set of kinds of social capital which make up of all sorts of cognitive and structural outputs produced by persons' interactions,it is difficult to declare clearly social capital is public goods or private goods without analyzing its classifications.To give a reasonable explanation of social capital's positive and negative externality,we need begin with that social capital is the product of person's cooperative interactions:if people cooperate based on good will and motive,the cooperative interactions among people produced positive externality,on the contrary,if people cooperate based on evil motive,social capital has negative externality.