从史学“两重性”到“四分层”——论新时期史学本质问题的“分层思考”

新时期以来，我国史学界在有关史学本质问题的探讨上，从何兆武先生的史学“二分法”到张耕华教授的史学“四分层”，这实质上形成了一种关于“史学本质”问题“分层思考”的研究模式，从而体现了新时期我国史学理论研究思想开始走向成熟。“分层”正是为了探究“历史学究竟是一门怎样的学科”，但这必然引出的问题是：史学各分层上的知识本质和认知形式的不同终究要依据什么判断标准来划分？因此，关于史学本质首先应探讨的是其判断标准问题，否则我们就不能将史学本质问题说清楚。

From"Duality"to"Quadripartition"in Historiography——the"Layering Thought"of Historiography's Nature since the New Period

Since the new period, the discussions on the nature of historiography in China＇ s historic circle, ranging from Mr. He Zhaowu ＂dichotomy＂ to Professor Zhang Genghua＇ s ＂quadripartition＂, actually have promoted the re- search model of historical layering thought, signifying the maturity of the ideas in China＇ s historiography. ＂layer- ing＂ is meant to explore the nature of historiography, which inevitably brings about the issue of the criteria to make the distinction between the nature of knowledge and the forms of cognition considering the levels of historiography. Actually, the discussion of judgment criterion should come first in order to define the nature of historiography.