《礼记·乐记》之“心”范畴——兼与孟子言心相比较

今本《礼记.乐记》言心计三十处。共有内在心智,常情,心术品性,百姓的情感意愿所向四种内涵。《乐记》言心构建了＂心-物＂互动的＂应感论＂,注重人内在主观能动性的双向调整作用。与之时代相近的孟子同样也认识到这一点。但二者在依心立言的其它方面却呈现出一些不同。其一,二者对于＂欲＂的态度不相同。其二,二者对于＂诚和伪＂的认识不同。其三,二者对于＂觉＂的理解不同。其四,二者对于＂礼仪教化＂的看法也不相同。基于这些,唐君毅称孟子之心为＂性情心或德性心＂。我们则概括《乐记》之心为＂应感心或省察心＂。思想之分异,正根源于人心所见之分异。

THE CATEGORY OF "NATURE OF MIND" IN LIJI·YUEJI By Comparing with Mencius' Opinions on This Point

There are total 30 ＂nature of mind＂ in the current version Liji.yueji, including four meanings that are mind, emotion and feeling, normal character, popular feeling and willingness. Yueji established induction theory that nature of mind interact with foreign objects each other, concerned the two-way corrective action of people＇s internal subjective interpretation. Mencius who was born in the near period also recognized this point. But the two works showed some difference in thought about nature of mind. The first difference was the attitude for ＂desire＂. The second difference was the reorganization of ＂honesty and hypocrisy＂. The third difference was the understanding about ＂feel＂. The forth difference was the views of education in etiquettes and music. Based on the analysis above, Mr. Jun-Yi Tang named ＂nature of mind＂ of Mencius as temperament heart＂ and ＂moral heart＂, correspondingly, we call Yue Ji＇s ＂nature of mind＂ as ＂induction heart＂ and ＂emanation heart ＂. Theoretically, the disagreement of ideological system is booted in the difference opinions on ＂nature of mind＂.