劳动力就业城市选择对城市工资溢价的影响

中国逐步从定居社会转变为流迁社会,劳动力大范围流动体现在就业城市的自主选择上,该行为对城市工资溢价产生持续影响,同时城市工资溢价又影响劳动力的就业城市选择。利用2017年中国流动人口动态监测调查数据,构建包含个体选择的处置效应模型,实证分析发现,中国存在城市工资溢价现象,劳动力的异质性特征和城市差异性特征显著影响就业城市选择行为;纠正劳动力城市选择的内生二元选择偏差后,发现中国特大城市和超大城市的工资溢价变大,而大城市的工资溢价消失,中小城市工资比大城市更有竞争力。中国城市体系中的首尾优势是劳动力理性选择就业城市的结果,这为中国实施差异化的城市发展政策来实现城市体系的整体优化和内部协调提供了新思路。

Effect of City Selection of Labor Employment on Urban Wage Premium

With the transition of China from a settled society to a migrating one,the rational choice of employment cities by the large-scale migrants has a long term impact on the urban wage premium.Meanwhile,urban wage premium also affects labors’choice of cities.Using the dynamic monitoring data of floating population in 2017,this paper built a disposal effect model with endogenous individual choice,and identified the existence of urban wage premium in China.Labors’heterogeneity and urban characters had significant impacts on the choice of cities.By controlling the endogenous selection bias,we found that the wage premium of megacity behemoths and megacities became larger,while the large cities’premium vanished.Small and medium cities had more competitive wage than large cities.These results,caming from the rational choice of labors,suggest that differentiated development policies should be implementd to realize the overall optimization and internal coordination of the urban system.