考虑时效与公平性的震后应急物资动态配送优化研究

大规模地震后应急物资的高效保障是应急救援有效开展的必要前提。震后应急物资运输与配送包括从区域储备仓库和外围物资集散地运输到区域应急配送中心、由区域应急配送中心配送到各个受灾点两个阶段。应急物资保障具有持续时间长、需求紧迫性强和物资相对短缺等特点。本文以应急物资保障时效性与分配公平性为目标，建立了考虑多种运输方式、多时段动态的应急物资配送中心选址与运输配送路径优化的多目标规划模型，并基于此模型设计了一种带精英策略的非支配排序的遗传算法，以九寨沟地区地震灾难情景对模型进行实证研究，验证了模型和算法的有效性，以期为震后应急物资保障提供理论指导与决策支持。

Dynamic Emergency Materials Distribution Optimization with Timeliness and Fairness Objective for Post-Earthquake Emergency Rescue

The effective protection of emergency materials after large-scale earthquake is the necessary prerequisite for emergency rescue. There are two stages of transporting and distributing the emergency materials after post-earthquake, it shall be transported from the regional reserve warehouse and the peripheral materials to the regional emergency distribution center, then the regional emergency distribution center will convey the material to the disaster area. Emergency material security has shortage of long duration, strong demand and the relative materials lacking. The key problem to be solved urgently is how to balance the timeliness and fairness in emergency materials distribution with multi-period in the two-stage and multi-transportation modes in joint participation.The paper establishes an optimization model of emergency location and material distribution route considering multi-transportation modes and multi-period and designs a model with elite strategy. The effectiveness of the model and the algorithm is validated with the example of the earthquake in Jiuzhaigou area in Sichuan province. It can be proved that the effectiveness and fairness of the disaster relief process are contradictory. According to the reference graph of Pareto front, the time-sensitive target fluctuation of the relief materials is small, and the fair target of the distribution material is more volatile. when the goal of fairness is larger, the target of timeliness increases slightly, while the objective of fairness is greatly reduced. The objective function model with random parameters such as road safety factor, vehicle safety performance and transportation time is the direction of the future research.