试论改土归流后土家族地区的开发

清雍正年间对土家族地区的改土归流 ,是土家族历史上划时代的变革 ,伴随着改土归流的实施 ,清政府对土家族地区开始了大规模的开发 ,这种涉及经济、社会、文化多方面的开发 ,大大推动了土家族地区的发展 ,促进了土家族的进步和我国统一的多民族国家的巩固与发展。与此同时 ,片面的农耕垦殖 ,使土家族地区传统的多元经济体系被打破 ,并在一定程度上造成了水土流失加重 ,地力下降 ,动植物资源减少 ,水旱灾害增多。清政府对土家族文化一些不合理的变更 ,也影响了土家族文化的发展。当今土家族地区的大开发必须借鉴历史经验和教训

On the Development of Areas Inhabited by the Tujia Ethnic Group after the Abolition of Hereditary Chieftaincy and Bring the Ethnic Minority Areas Under Unified Provincial Administration

The abolition of hereditary chieftaincy and bring the ethnic minority areas under unified provincial administration was carried out in areas inhabited by the Tujia ethnic group during the Yongzheng Reign of the Qing Dynasty, it was an epoch-making reform in the Tujia ethnic group's history. Along with the implement of abolishing hereditarychieftaincy and bring the ethnic minority areas under unified provincial administration, the Qing government began to develop the Tujia ethnic areas in a large scale, such development concerning many respects of economy, society and culture powerfully put forward the economic and cultural progress of the Tujia ethnic minority areas, promoted the advance of the Tujia ethnic group's and the consolidation and development of unitary and multiethnic China. Meanwhile, the lopsided and undue reclamation and cultivation of lands broke the traditional pluralistic economy in areas inhabited by the Tujia ethnic group, and aggravated soil erosion to a certain degree, the soil fertility decreased, resources of animals and plants reduced, while flood and drought increased. Some unreasonable changes imposed by the Qing government upon the Tujia ethnic culture also affected development of the Tujia ethnic culture. Today's large-scale development in areas inhabited by the Tujia ethnic group has to make use of the historical experience and lessons.