河南黄淮平原鼠类密度及鼠害防治对策

自1984年3月至1986年3月,于遂平、中牟、周口三处,按月或季度进行周年调查统计。结果表明:黄淮平原农田鼠类群落主要由黑线姬鼠十纹背仓鼠+大仓鼠组成;室内主要由褐家鼠+小家鼠组成。不论田野及室内,其数量配置并非均态,在不同的小生境和不同季节蜜度差异悬殊。野外以坟(土豖)、路基、渠坡等非耕作荒地较高,蔬菜地高于作物地。居民区以贮藏室、庭院禽畜圈更高。据逐月统计及性腺发育检验证明:野鼠和家鼠密度的季节波动曲线均呈双峰型。但前者高峰期于3～5月和9～11月,后者在5～7月及10～12月。这两个密度高峰都反映了繁殖活动的频繁或繁殖后数量增长的结果。掌握鼠类对不同生境的选择及其间的迁移的规律,掌握繁殖和密度高峰出现的时间,可作为综合防治的依据。防治鼠害要把握时机,以达标为目的,采用药杀为主的综合防治。在一次大面积压低密度之后,采取各种措施,巩固灭效,使鼠类密度能较长期保持在不致产生危害的水平之下。

THE DENSITY OF THE RODENT IN THE PLAIN BETWEEN THE YELLOW AND THE HWAI RIVER IN HENAN PROVINCE AND THE MEASURES OF CONTROLLING RODENT HARM

From March 1984 to March 1986 Statistics of monthly or quarterly investigation were conducted in Suiping, Zhongmou and ZHou-kou counties of Henan Province The results indicate that the community in the field of the plain between the Yellow and the Hwai rivers mainly consists of three specises-Apodemas agrarius, Cricetulus barabensis, and C. tritons mdoors are mainly Raltus novegicus and Mus masculus. The number dispersion is not even ih the fieldl or indoors. There is agreat disparity in density in diff- rnent niche and eseasons. In the ficlds, the highest density is in tombs on roadsides, or the slope of irrigation ditch and in the uneultivacted land; while in vegetable plot it is higher than that in crop land. In esidential quarters, it is rather high in granarries or store rooms, court yards and livestock darns. Based on the statistics and the test of sexual gland developing condition it is manifested that the seasonal flucktuation curves of rodent density in or out doors appear to be two-peak,type each year. The two peaks of rodent density in the fields are from March to May and from September to Novenber respectively. Indoors from Map to July and from October to Decender, Both the two density peaks reflect the high frequency of reproduction followed by the increasing number as＇a result of reproduction. A Good knowlege of the rule of rodent＇s selection of niche, its migration between niche and duration of peaks density and reproduction can serve as the basis of comprehensive control. The opportunty must be grasped in controlling rodent. The goal is to get to the standard of the killing rate. Poison killing of rodent is the key to comprehensive control. After the dlensity has lowed in large area at one stroke, various measures should be taken to consolidate the acheived result and keep the density below the level so that rodent harm would not occur.