西藏拉萨市曲水县卡介苗接种率及卫生服务影响因素分析

目的：了解曲水县两岁以下儿童中卡介苗接种率与卫生服务因素的相关性。方法：采用现况调查法，对曲水县小于两岁儿童进行普查，共调查484个家庭户，采用入户问卷调查并检查儿童手臂卡介苗卡痕的方法收集资料。结果：484名儿童中有77％接种过卡介苗，高卡介苗接种率与从家到乡医院的步行时间小于等于1个小时（OR=3．1；95％CI，2．0-4．8），母亲在医院分娩（OR=1．8；95％CI，1．1-2．7），被调查儿童曾至少一次在乡医院接受过疫苗接种（01L=2．5；95％CI，1．6—4．0）g著性相关。结论：曲水县两岁以下儿童的卡介苗接种率为77％，为了提高西藏的农村地区的儿童卡介苗接种率，应进一步减少家庭分娩率，并在现有医疗机构基础上在地广人稀的西藏广大农村地区建立更多的医疗服务点，以缩短从家到医疗服务点的距离，对广大农村妇女进行计划免疫预防接种宣传教育。

Analysis on BCG coverage and Health service factors in Qushui County in Lhasa, Tibet

The aim of the present study was to estimate the BCG （Bacille Calmette-Guerin） immunization coverage and to investigate the correlation between the BCG coverage and health service factors in children under two years old in Qushui County. An interviewer-administered structured questionnaire was used to conduct household survey including 484 households. BCG scar were checked on the children＇s shoulder and recorded. The resuhs showed The BCG coverage in Quxu County was 77% o The high BCG coverage was significantly associated with distance from home to nearest health facility （OR=3.1; 95%CI, 2.0-4.8）, to hospital delivery （OR=1.8 ; 95%CI 1.1-2.7） and the children have been ever vaccinated in health facility at least once （OR=2.5 ; 95%CI, 1.6-4.0）. Tile BCG coverage of children under two years old was 77%in Qushui County. In order to increase the immunization coverage in the rural area of Tibet, we should encourage the mothers to give birth at hospitals, establish more health facilities to reduce the travel distance for the mothers, and also should conduct health education related to the immunization for mothers from rural area.