长江经济带水资源空间均衡性分析

揭示长江经济带水资源空间均衡特征可为水资源利用效率和区域经济发展水平的提升提供理论依据。本文以长江经济带130个地市级行政区为研究单元，构建水资源-土地资源、水资源-人口、水资源-经济共3对匹配关系，在此基础上，提出水资源负载指数对长江经济带11个省级行政区水资源的开发利用程度进行评价，进而揭示长江经济带水资源的空间不均衡特征和时空变化规律。研究结果表明：（1）长江经济带局部地区水资源与土地资源空间分布存在错位。其中四川-重庆、安徽、湖北地区基尼系数超过了联合国规定的警戒线0.4。（2）长江经济带整体平均匹配差异表现为水资源-经济基尼系数＞水资源-土地资源匹配基尼系数＞水资源-人口匹配基尼系数，长江经济带水资源空间分布与生产力布局不协调。（3）长江经济带水资源负载指数整体水资源开发利用程度呈现东高西低的特征，2010-2019年长江经济带整体水资源负载指数呈上升趋势。

Analysis on spatial equilibrium of water resources in the Yangtze River Economic Belt

Revealing the spatial balance characteristics of water resources in the Yangtze River Economic Belt can provide a theoretical basis for the improvement of water resource utilization efficiency and regional economic development level. Taking 130 prefecture-level administrative regions of the Yangtze River Economic Belt as the research unit, this paper constructs three pairs of matching relationships, namely, water resources - land resources, water resources - population, and water resources - economy. On this basis, the water resources load index is proposed to evaluate the development and utilization degree of water resources in 11 provincial administrative regions of the Yangtze River Economic Belt. Then, the spatial imbalance and spatio-temporal variation of water resources in the Yangtze River Economic Belt are revealed. The results show that :(1) the spatial distribution of water resources and land resources in some parts of the Yangtze river economic belt is misaligned. In Sichuan, Chongqing, Anhui and Hubei, the Gini coefficient exceeded 0.4, the warning line set by the United Nations.(2) The overall average matching difference of the Yangtze River Economic Belt is as follows: the Gini coefficient of water-economy > the Gini coefficient of water-land resources > the Gini coefficient of water-population, and the spatial distribution of water resources and the distribution of productivity in the Yangtze River Economic Belt are not coordinated.(3) The overall water resource load index of the Yangtze River Economic Belt shows the characteristics of high water resource development and utilization degree in the east and low in the west, and the overall water resource load index of the Yangtze River Economic Belt shows an upward trend from 2010 to 2019.