考虑路侧停车需求的城市办公区单行交通组织优化

为提高道路网通行能力、缓解停车供需矛盾,从道路负荷度、车辆绕行及路侧停车需求三方面出发,构建针对城市办公区路网单行交通组织的双层规划模型。上层模型以最小干道路段平均饱和度、车辆最小绕行系数及最大停车泊位增长率为目标,力图优化单行方案以使目标函数最小;下层模型假定出行者遵循用户平衡分配原则选择路径,在此基础上设计遗传算法处理多目标问题。最后对北京市某办公区进行算例分析。研究结果表明:相较组织单行交通之前,干道饱和度明显降低,支路利用率显著提高;同时在保证较低的车均绕行距离的前提下,路侧可设置泊位数增大,支路可增设的路侧停车泊位为实施单行交通组织前的2.9倍。由此可见,研究提出的优化模型可为办公区等停车供需矛盾突出的城市中心区域组织单行交通提供理论支持。

Optimization of One-way Traffic Organization in Urban Office Area Considering Roadside Parking Demand

In order to improve the road network capacity and ease contradiction between parking supply and demand, a bi-level programming model for one-way traffic organization of urban office area was constructed from the aspect of road load, vehicle circumambulation and roadside parking demand. The upper model optimized one-way traffic organization to minimize the objective function by minimizing the average saturation of arterial roads, vehicle circumambulated factor and maximizing parking demand. The lower model assumed path selection follows user equilibrium assignment principle. Then a genetic algorithm was designed to deal with multi-objective problems. Finally, a case study of office area in Beijing was carried out. The results show that the arterial road saturation is reduced compared with one-way traffic, the branch utilization is significantly improved. At the same time, under the premise of ensuring a lower vehicle bypass distance, the number of berths can be increased. The roadside parking berths will be added to branch roads are 2.9 times than that before one-way traffic organization. It is concluded that the optimization model proposed in this study can provide theoretical support for the one-way traffic of urban central areas such as office areas where the contradiction between parking supply and demand is prominent.