基于优化理论的卫星发射场性能试验科目设置

随着我国航天事业的蓬勃发展,高密度航天发射已经成为各个卫星发射场的新常态,如何在发射场合理设置卫星试验科目确保短周期卫星发射任务成功已逐渐成为一个新的研究热点。本文根据卫星在发射场的测试发射流程,梳理总结了27个通用试验科目,并通过调查问卷、专家评分、历史数据以及建立数学评估模型的方式,对通用试验科目的重要性、平均测试时间以及不进行该科目产生的风险概率进行评估。在此基础上,提出了基于优化理论的试验科目设置方法,通过0-1 规划解决了“约束试验周期、重要性——最小发射任务风险概率”和“约束发射任务风险概率、重要性——最短试验周期”问题。试验结果表明：当约束试验周期小于136小时、重要性大于0.7 时,仅需要设置23个试验科目,承担的最小发射任务风险概率为16.78%。当约束发射任务风险概率小于20%、重要性大于0.8 时,仅需要设置22个试验科目,此时最短试验周期为127.71小时。

The Setting of the Performance Test Subjects of the Satellite at the Launch Site based on the Optimization Theory

With the rapid development of China"s Space industry, High-density space launches have been the new norm at the launch sites. How to reasonably set up the performance test subjects at the launch site to ensure the success of the launch of the satellite in a short period has become a novel hot research topic. In this paper, 27 general test subjects were summarized, according to the test and launch operations of the satellite at the launch site. Then the questionnaires, expert evaluating method and the evaluation model were utilized to assess the importance, average test time of each general test subject, and the risk probability without it. Based on these data, the method of setting up test subjects based on the optimization theory was proposed. With the 0-1 programming, the problems of "fixed the test period and the importance - the minimum risk probability of the launch task" and "fixed risk probability of the launch task and the importance - the minimum test period" are solved. The experimental results show that when the test period is set to less than 136 hours and the importance more than 0.7, only 23 test subjects are needed, and the minimum risk probability of the launch task is 16.78%. When the risk probability of the launch task is set to less than 20%, and the importance more than 0.8, only 22 test subjects are needed. Meanwhile, the shortest test period is 127.71 hours.