有机岩石学及其在油气勘探中的应用

有机岩石学主要研究沉积有机质的成因、产状、结构和演化历史。有机岩石学在油气勘探，特别是在烃源岩评价中的作用。已从仅是研究的工具发展为常规的手段。其最大特点在于从显微层次来认识和分析非均质性的沉积有机质特征、成因和演化与烃类形成的关系。文章综合评述了有机岩石学在研究有机质赋存形式、有机成熟度、有机质类型、生烃组分和成烃作用、烃类排出、运移和聚集等方面的现状和发展方向。

ORGANIC PETROLOGY AND ITS APPLICATION IN PETROLEUM EXPLORATION

Organic Petrology is the branch of earth science dealing with origin, occurrence,structure and history of sedimentary organic matter.The roles of organic petrology in petroleum exploration, especially in source rocks assessments were changed from being a research method into the routine tool. The advantage of organic petrology lies in making use of maceral level to analyze characteristics,origin and evolution of sedimentary organic matter with respect to hydrocarbon generation.This paper is devoted to review the advances and the application of organic petrology in petroleum exploration,including the organic constitutes and occurrence in source rock,microscopic maturity studies,type of organic matter,oil-prone macerals and hydrocarbon generation, expulsion , migration and accumulation of hydrocarbon fluids.