中国部分地方牛种mtDNA D-loop区全序列的遗传多样性与系统进化分析

利用PCR测序及生物信息学分析技术,对我国5个地方黄牛品种、5个地方水牛品种及2个地方牦牛品种的mtDNA D-loop区全序列进行PCR扩增以及核苷酸多样度、单倍型多样度分析,发现中国地方黄牛、水牛与牦牛具有丰富的遗传多样性.对试验牛mtDNA D-loop区全序列与牛亚科代表性物种黄牛、水牛、家牦牛、野牦牛、欧洲普通牛、印度瘤牛以及摩拉水牛相应序列进行系统发育分析.结果显示:黄牛与牦牛的亲缘关系较近,它们与水牛的亲缘关系较远;中国水牛属于沼泽型水牛,也有少量江河型水牛渐渗入中国水牛群体;中国黄牛为普通牛和瘤牛的混合母系起源;进化树显示高原牦牛与野牦牛的亲缘关系较近,环湖牦牛与家牦牛的亲缘关系较近.

Analysis of Genetic Diversity of the mtDNA D-Loop Regions and Phylogenetic Evolution of Chinese Local Cattle

Using PCR technology,sequencing technologies and bioinformatics analysis technology to amplify and analyze the mtDNA D-loop region complete sequence of four local cattle varieties,a hybrid cattle variety,five local buffalo species and two local yak breeds.The results showed that Chinese domestic buffalo,yak and cattle breeds had rich mitochondrial genetic diversity.Based on the mtDNA D-loop sequences,the phylogeny of the representative species of buffalo,cattle,yak,wild yak,Bos Taurus,Bos indicus and rivers of India-based buffalo were analyzed.The phylogenetic relationships showed that cattle and yaks clustered into one,buffalo alone clustered into one.This means cattle have a close relationship with yaks with a distant relationship with buffalo.China buffalo belong to the swamp type water buffalo,but a small number of rivers type water buffalo gradually mixed into the China buffalo groups.Chinese cattle for the Bos taurus and the Bos indicus mixture of maternal origin;phylogenetic tree showed that the plateau yak has a close relationship with the wild yak,the lake yak has a close relationship with the domestic yak.