鲁中南山区松树人工林近自然经营效果分析

近自然抚育作业于徂徕山林场、泰山林场和明光寺林场进行，采用目标树抚育作业方式，对不同林分进行间伐处理，时长分别为2、10和3年。结果表明，与对照相比，抚育处理后林分平均胸径、树高和冠幅较对照提高3.13%~12.89%、3.03%~8.91%和2.75%~25.91%；林分生长速度加快，保留木的胸径、树高和冠幅年生长量分别提高21.43%~66.67%、9.21%~26.15%和64.29%~300%；林下灌木层植物种类增多，出现侧柏、臭椿等喜光物种；油松纯林和松栎混交林中草本植物多样性改善，Simpson、Shannon-wiener和Gleason指数分别提高0.95%~1.93%、5.33%~10.43%和4.67%~18.18%，马唐、大油芒、羊胡子草等植物重要值提高；另外，抚育间伐后林下土壤pH提高0.77%~3.78%，土壤容重降低5.48%~12.68%；同时，过氧化氢酶、土壤磷酸酶、土壤蔗糖酶、土壤脲酶活性较对照分别提高6.74%~29.33%、4.79%~4.99%、2.13%~10.34%和1.25%~25.56%。近自然抚育间伐在一定程度上可以促进林分生长量积累、丰富林下植物多样性、改善林下土壤质量。

Application impacts analysis on natural forestry management for pine plantation in central and southern mountainous area of Shandong province

The near-natural management experiments were carried out at three forestry stations of Culaishan, Taishan and Mingguangsi, with long-time thinning possesses of 2, 10 and 3 years, respectively. The results revealed that: (1) The effects of thinning management could promote the seedling growth compared to the controlled treatment (CK), the main height, diameter at breast height (DBH) and canopy diameter increased by 3.13%-12.89%, 3.03%-8.91% and 2.75%-25.91%, respectively. Similarly, the annual mean diameter of residual trees height, DBH and diameter of canopy also improved by 21.43%-66.67%, 9.21%-26.15% and 64.29%-300% when suffered to near-natural processing. (2) The intermediate cutting changed the canopy gap, led to a decrease in crown closure. On the contrary, it caused an increase in plant species of shrub layer especially for the light-loving plants like Platycladus orientalis and Ailanthus altissima. Consistently, it could contribute to the herbs diversity, which caused improvements of diversity indexes like Simpson, Shannon-wiener and Gleason in pure pine stand and mixed pine-oak forest compared with that in CK. At the same time, the important values of Digitaria sanguinalis, Spodiopogon sibiricus and Carex rigescens elevated. (3) The tending measurement resulted in an improvement of soil pH, and a decrease of bulk density. As well, it had a potential to accelerate the nutrient metabolism for the increasing enzyme activities of catalase, phosphatase, sucrase and urease, which increased by 6.74%-29.33%, 4.79%-4.99%, 2.13%-10.34% and 1.25%-25.56%, respectively. It could be seen that the tending operation could benefit to the stand growth, enrich the undergrowth diversity, also improve the soil quality in different stand conditions.