细胞力学特性对电刺激的响应研究进展

 近40年，探索电刺激在生物医学中的应用引起了人们极大的兴趣，这种兴趣很大程度上来自于电刺激细胞实验研究方面取得的进展，其结果对研发疾病诊疗新技术具有参考意义。从直流电场、正弦电场、脉冲电场3个方面回顾电刺激细胞的实验设备，综述了电刺激对细胞弹性模量、细胞间应力、细胞黏附力、细胞膜系索力等力学特性的影响规律与生物学机理，以及电刺激在诱导细胞分化，凋亡，改变细胞迁移方向等方面的应用。总结了电刺激-细胞力学特性-细胞生物行为关联性研究的进展。直流电场可引导细胞迁移和排列；正弦电场可导致细胞膜和骨架的分离；脉冲电场可破坏细胞膜、细胞骨架、核膜、染色体端粒的结构，使细胞变形。探讨了目前细胞电刺激研究存在的问题，并对未来发展方向提出了建议。

The mechanical responses of cell to electrical stimulation

In the past 40 years, the electrical stimulation is widely applied in biomedicine, largely due to the progress achieved in the experimental studies of electrical stimulation of cells. The obtained results are valuable for developing novel diagnosis and therapy techniques for diseases. Recent studies focused on the mechanism by which electrical stimulation alters cellular biological behavior, but the interpretation of many of related phenomena is difficult and controversial. We discuss the experimental equipment for electrical stimulation of cells from three aspects:the direct current electric field, the sinusoidal electric field and the pulsed electric field, and the effects of electrical stimulation on the mechanical properties of cells, including the elasticity modulus, the intercellular stress, the cell adhesion and the cell membrane tether force, as well as the corresponding biological mechanism and the application of electrical stimulation in inducing the cell differentiation, the apoptosis and changing the cell migration direction. The correlations among the electrical stimulation, the mechanical characteristics of cells and the biological behavior of cells are analyzed. Finally, we highlight the existing problems in the electrical stimulation of cells and put forward some suggestions for the future development.