稠油热/化学驱油技术现状及发展趋势

目前开采稠油的主要方法为蒸汽驱和蒸汽吞吐,但在蒸汽开采过程中,存在蒸汽超覆和气窜问题,从而减小了蒸汽波及体积;同时,受岩石-原油-水体系界面特性的影响,在蒸汽波及区域内有很大一部分稠油不能被剥离下来,即洗油效率低.为解决上述问题,发展了热/化学驱油技术.主要对稠油热/化学驱的最新研究成果进行了阐述.热/化学驱技术的主要作用机理为扩大热采波及体积、提高热采洗油效率以及降低原油黏度,主要包括热/碱复合驱、热/表面活性剂复合驱、热/聚合物复合驱及稠油井下改质技术.详细论述了每种开采技术的机理和特点,认为热/有机碱/表面活性剂复合驱与稠油井下改质技术是稠油开采的主要发展趋势.

Present situation and development trend of the thermal/chemical flooding technology of heavy oil

Steam flooding and steam soaking are two principal techniques for the recovery of heavy oil.However,there are steam overlaying and steam channeling in the processes of the steam flooding and steam soaking,which results in the decrease of the steam sweeping volume; meanwhile,a large portion of heavy oil can't be carried away in the steam sweeping range because of the unfavorable interfacial properties of rock/oil/water system.For this reason,thermal/chemical flooding techniques are developed,aiming at enlarging steam swept volume,improving displacement efficiency and reducing the viscosity of the heavy oil.The thermal/chemical flooding techniques mainly include thermal/alkali flooding,thermal/surfactant flooding,thermal/polymer flooding and downhole heavy-oil upgrading technique.The oil increasing mechanism and the features of each thermal/chemical flooding technique is analyzed in detail,and it is held that the thermal/surfactant flooding and downhole heavy-oil upgrading technique are the main development trend of the thermal/chemical flooding technique in the future.