驾驶风格对纯电动汽车能耗的影响

纯电动汽车能耗受多种因素影响，为揭示驾驶风格对纯电动汽车能耗的影响规律，采用控制单变量因子的实验思路，设计整车能耗实验。通过实验测试与理论计算相结合，得到各部件的能量分布，对能耗进行定量分析，为优化整车能耗指明方向。首先分析汽车在等速工况下的能量流动情况，得到确定因素对汽车能耗的影响；然后在综合工况下分析驾驶风格对纯电动汽车能耗的影响。结果表明：电池能量主要被电机电控系统和车辆行驶阻力消耗，附件能耗较少，驾驶风格主要通过影响制动损耗和动力传动系统运行效率造成能耗波动，不同驾驶风格将导致百公里电耗相差10 kW·h以上。

Effect of driving style on the energy consumption of an electric vehicle

The energy consumption of electric vehicle (EV) is affected by many factors. In order to reveal the influence of driving style on the energy consumption of EV, the energy consumption experiment of the whole vehicle was designed by controlling the univariate factor. Through the combination of experimental test and theoretical calculation, the energy distribution of each component was obtained, and the energy consumption was quantitatively analyzed to highlight the direction for optimizing the energy consumption of EV. Firstly, the energy flow of EV under the condition of constant speed was analyzed, identifying the influence of certain factors on the vehicle energy consumption. Then the influence of driving style on the energy consumption of EV was analyzed under the comprehensive working conditions. The results show that the battery energy was mainly consumed by the electric motor control system and vehicle driving resistance, and the energy consumption of accessories was very little. The driving style mainly causes the fluctuation of energy consumption by affecting the braking loss and the operating efficiency of power transmission system. Different driving styles will lead to a difference of more than 10 kW·h in the energy consumption per 100 km.