心肌梗死后左室室壁瘤的外科治疗

目的 探讨心肌梗死后左室室壁瘤的外科心室重建术治疗的临床经验、手术效果和术后左室重构的变化.方法 回顾性分析1997年1月至2009年12月我院194例心肌梗死后左室室壁瘤行外科心室重建术治疗患者临床资料、手术方法 和随访结果 ,其中线性缝合组57例,补片心室成形组137例;对比分析手术前后用超声心动图(UCG)检测左室重构的变化.用Kaplan-Meier法进行生存率分析.结果 194例患者均手术顺利,平均体外循环时间(103±35)min,主动脉阻断时间(62±26)min;围术期死亡8例(4.1%).其余患者术后心绞痛均缓解,心功能得到明显改善.Kaplan-Meier 法分析两组生存率差异无统计学意义(P=0.587).术后心室重构变化显示:线性缝合组手术前后心室重构变化差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);而补片心室成形组心室重构变化术后2周、6个月、1年和5年均较术前小(P＜0.05);左室收缩末容积(LVESV)由(129±27)ml减小到(65±8)ml,左室收缩末容积指数(LVESVI)由(104±14)ml/m2减小到(44±6)ml/m2;且以左室射血分数(LVEF)＜35%亚组减小最明显.而LVEF呈进行性增加,由术前42%±11%增加到52%±7%(P＜0.05).结论 外科心室重建治疗心肌梗死后左室室壁瘤是非常有效的,手术方法 的选择取决于室壁瘤的大小与范围,线性缝合和心内补片心室成形均可取得较满意的手术效果,术后左室容积明显减小,心脏功能改善.

Surgical treatment of post-infarction left ventricular aneurysm: clinical analysis

Objective To explore the clinical experiences, efficacies and postoperative left ventricular remodeling changes of surgical ventricular reconstruction in the treatment of post-infarction left ventricular aneurysm. Methods The investigators reviewed retrospectively the clinical data, operative approaches and follow-up outcomes of consecutive 194 patients with post-infarction left ventricular aneurysm,who underwent surgical ventricular reconstruction between January 1997 and December 2009. There were 54cases in the linear group and 137 cases in the endoventricular patch plasty group. The changes of ventricular remodeling were measured by peri-operative and follow-up echocardiography. Results All patients underwent surgery with a mean cardiopulmonay bypass duration of ( 103 ± 35 ) min and aortic cross clamp duration of (62 ±26)min. There were 8 per-operative deaths with a mortality rate of 2.2%. Angina pectoris of other cases disappeared and heart function greatly improved. After operation, the ventricular remodeling results showed that in the linear group, there was not significant difference in the changes of ventricular remodeling of post-op 2 weeks, 6 months, 1 year and 5 years versus pre-operation. However, in the endoventricular patch group, the changes of ventricular remodeling of post-op 2 weeks and follow-up 6months versus pre-operation were significantly reduced( P ＜0.05). End-systolic volume (LNESV) reduced from ( 129 ± 27 ) ml to ( 65 ± 8 ) ml and end-systolic volume index ( LVESVI ) decreased from ( 104 ± 14 )ml/m2 to (44 ± 6) ml/m2 and the subgroup of LVEF ＜ 35% was the most significant in the changes of LVESV and LVESVI. But LVEF improved significantly at post-operation and follow-up (from preoperation 42% ± 11% to 52% ± 7% during follow-up). Conclusions For patients with infarction left ventricular aneurysm, left ventricular reconstruction is quite effective. The choice of operative approaches is determined ty the size and range of ventricular aneurysm. Both string suture and endoventricular patch plasty technique can yield similarly satisfactory surgical outcomes. After operation, ventricular volume significantly decreases and cardiac function greatly improves.