四倍体和二倍体盾叶薯蓣的花粉活力及柱头可受性分析

盾叶薯蓣（Dioscorea zingiberens C．H．Wright）叶片呈盾形，叶面有不规则的黄白色斑块；蒴果干燥后呈蓝黑色，表面常附有白色粉状物；染色体数20；花粉两端略尖，外壁具有明显条纹。盾叶薯蓣根茎横生，俗称黄姜，可用于治疗皮肤感染、软组织损伤、蜂蜇虫咬及各种外科炎症。盾叶薯蓣根茎所含的薯蓣皂苷元（皂素，diosgenin）是合成甾体激素药物的主要原料，除具有抗炎、避孕等作用外，还可月季于合成镇痛药、杀虫剂及治疗冠心病的药物。

Analyses of pollen viability and stigma receptivity of tetraploidy and diploidy of Dioscorea zingiberensis

Flowering process of Dioscorea zingiberensis C. H. Wright was observed, and pollen viability and stigma receptivity of tetraploidy and diploidy of D. zingiberensis were also compared. The results showed that the anther of D. zingiberensis had opened before male flower bloomed. Pollen viability of tetraploidy and diploidy was 59.7% and 74.9% respectively during flowering beginning period, and pollen viability was high in 24 h of flowering but reduced quickly after 36 h. Stigmas of tetraploidy and diploidy maintained a high receptivity in 24 h of flowering and then descended quickly, a part of stigmas of tetraploidy lost the receptivity after flowered 60 h.