汶川地震阿坝州极重灾区如何开展医疗救治工作——2008年5月12日至2008年8月20日

目的总结汶川地震震中阿坝州医疗救治的经验，为地震活跃带地区的灾后重建和医疗救治提供一手资料和参考。方法亲历和见证汶川地震后阿坝州震后100天内（2008年5月12日至8月20日），尤其是震后1周内医疗救治全过程，收集、整理、分析受灾情况和医疗救治工作的数据、工作模式、绩效和问题。结果全州13个县中有12县受灾，其中极重灾县2个和重灾县5个。死亡20233人，失踪7873人。卫生系统自身受损严重。灾后州委、州政府在汶川重灾区迅速设立5·12阿坝州抗震救灾指挥部，派出医疗防疫队，整合当地资源和外援力量，迅速开展救治工作：①2008年5月12～15日州内派出医疗救援队共20支138人，州外派出医疗救援队共14支428人，抵达重灾县救治伤员316人次，到第7天救治伤员6285人次。②州内各级医疗机构投入医务人员1444人，截至8月20日一线医疗机构和医疗救治点累计收治因灾受伤门诊患病群众355579人，住院7028人次：其中汶川3490人、茂县2166人、理县689人、小金县351人、黑水304人、松潘县28人。出院人数6726人，重伤604人，住院死亡20人，转运伤员456人，实施手术2703台次，完成心理治疗4630人次，出动救护车3435台次。结论汶川地震中阿坝州医疗救治工作成绩显著，其经验值得类似情况借鉴。今后应加强当地医疗机构人力、管理和硬件设备建设，提高其应急能力。

Medical Rescue in the Most-hit Area of Aba Prefecture after the Wenchuan Earthquake

Objective To summarize the experience of medical rescue conducted in Aba prefecture after the Wenchuan earthquake in order to provide information for similar tasks in seismo-active regions. Methods We participated and witnessed the whole process of medical rescue through 100 days after the quake. Data regarding the medical rescue work, work mode, performance and problems were collected and analyzed. Results Twelve counties out of the 13 counties in Aba prefecture were affected by the earthquake, including 2 most-hit counties and 5 most-hit areas. A total of 20 233 people died and 7 873 disappeared. Aba Prefectural Headquarters for Earthquake Resistance and Disaster Relief was set up and medical rescue teams were dispatched to the disaster area immediately after the quake： ① From May 12 to May 15 2008, 20 local medical teams comprising 138 healthcare professionals and 14 teams involving 428 professionals from other regions arrived at the most-hit areas. Through 7 days after the quake, medical treatment was provided for 6 285 patient-times. ② A total of 1 444 healthcare professionals participated in the medical rescue work. Through August 20, 355 579 outpatients and 7 028 inpatients were treated in the prefectural medical institutions and on-site medical centers. Of those, 6 726 were discharged, 604 were severely wounded, 20 died and 456 were transferred to other regions for further treatment. 2 703 operations were performed for the wounded and psychological treatment was provided for 4 630 person-times. Conclusion The medical rescue work in Aba prefecture after the Wenchuan earthquake was effective and efficient. Management of human resources and medical devices should be strengthened to enhance the ability of emergency response.