Presentation, clinical features and outcome in different patterns of atherosclerotic renovascular disease

Atherosclerotic renovascular disease (ARD) is an increasinglyimportant cause of renal failure. However, important featuresof the clinical presentation are not fully described, and theoutcome after intervention by angioplasty remains controversial.Ninety-four patients with ARD diagnosed at angiography werereviewed. Twenty-four patients were diabetic. Thirty-nine patientshad unilateral renal artery stenosis or occlusion (group A),28 had bilateral stenosis (group B), and 27 had unilateral occlusionplus contralateral occlusion or stenosis (group C), Two yearsafter presentation, actuarial patient survival was 96%, 74.3%and 47.1% in groups A, B and C, respectively (p<0.001 forall differences); actuarial renal survival in surviving patientswas 97.3%, 82.4% and 44.7%, respectively (p<0.001 for alldifferences). Percutaneous transluminal balloon angioplasty(PCTA) was performed in 74 patients. Renal function improvedin only a minority of cases, but was stable in 73% of nondiabeticpatients 12 months after PCTA. Angioplasty was less effectivein diabetic subjects, with only 53.3% having stable renal functionat 12 months follow-up. Renal and patient survival were stronglyrelated to the initial angiographic findings. In nondiabeticsubjects, PCTA resulted in stabilization of renal function forat least one year in nearly threequarters of cases, which suggestsa benefit from intervention in this disease whose natural historyis otherwise of progression.