２０１０－２０１２年长沙市手足口病病原学监测结果分析

摘要：目的　探讨２０１０－２０１２年长沙市手足口病的病原学特征，为长沙市手足口病的预防和控制提供科学
依据。方法　使用肠道病毒通用引物和ＥＶ７１型、ＣＡｌ６型的特异性引物，对２０１０－２０１２年长沙市的２１７３
例手足口病患者的肛拭子、粪便、咽拭子等各类样本，进行实时荧光ＰＣＲ 检测，使用ＳＰＳＳ１３．０对检测结
果进行χ
２ 检验分析，犘＜０．０５为差异有统计学意义。结果　在收集到的２１７３ 例手足口临床病例样本中，
１５３２例核酸检测结果为阳性（７０．５０％），其中８０２例为ＥＶ７１型病毒核酸阳性（３６．９１％），３５５例检测为
ＣｏｘＡｌ６型阳性（１６．３４％），３７５例检测到其他肠道病毒（１７．２１％），ＥＶ７１型病毒阳性率显著高于其他两
项（χ
２＝３２６．４０５，犘＜０．０５）。男女性别比为（１．５６∶１），发病年龄主要集中０～５岁儿童（９３．９７％），尤
其是在１～３岁年龄组幼儿发病最高（占７２．８５％） （χ
２＝６７．２９５，犘＜０．０５）；流行季节几乎贯穿全年，以
４～６月最为流行。结论　２０１０－２０１２年在长沙地区手足口病易发于０～５岁儿童，应在４～６月重点加强这
一人群的预防和控制措施。
关键词：手足口病；荧光定量ＰＣＲ；病原学；流行病学
中图分类号：Ｒ７１９．３　　文献标识码：Ａ　　文章编号：１００９ ６６３９ （２０１４）０５ ０４８２ ０４

Etiological analysis of hand-foot-mouth disease in Changsha from 2010 to 2012

Objective To understand the etiological characteristics of hand-foot-mouth disease（HFMD）in Changsha,and to provide scientific evidence for disease control and prevention. Methods Specimens as herpes fluid,stool and throat swab were collected from 2 173 suspected cases of HFMD in Changsha between2010 and 2012.All the specimens were tested by real-time PCR with universal primers of enterovirus as well as specific primers of EV71 and CAl6.Chi-square test was used for data analysis. Results Out of total 2 173 suspected cases,1 532 were identified as HFMD positive（70.50%）,including 802 positive for EV71（36.91%）,355 for CoxAl6（16.34%）and 375 for other enterovirus（17.21%）.The positive rate of EV7 was significantly higher（χ2=326.405,P〈0.05）.The ratio of male to female among HFMD positive patients was1.56∶1,and majority of patients（94.0%）were under 5years old,among them,72.85% were between 1to3 years old（χ2=67.295,P〈0.05）.The peak season of HFMD in Changsha was from April to June. Conclusions Children aged 0-5years are more vulnerable to HFMD,so preventive measures should be strengthened in April to June for this age group.