WSN-UAV基于FPGA的异步带优先级数据转发轮询控制系统

在林、农作物监测作业中，可通过散布无线传感器节点形成的自组织WSN收集作物环境信息。将UAV应用于分簇式WSN作为移动的数据收集节点sink时，UAV不仅需要转发各簇首节点的信息，还需转发自带传感器检测到的重要信息。为了保证UAV传感器检测信息及时转发，并进一步降低簇首节点能耗，延长WSN网络寿命，提出异步带优先级的数据转发轮询控制系统方案，应用马尔可夫链和概率母函数进行建模以分析系统性能。用自带异步读写FIFO功能的FPGA作为主控器件，基于FPGA设计该轮询系统硬件电路结构，验证了该轮询控制系统的可行性和高效性。实验结果表明，该方案能保证UAV及时转发重要数据，缩短服务延迟，提高WSN能耗效率，优化系统性能。

Asynchronous polling system with priority data forwarding based on FPGA

In forest and crop monitoring operations, crop environmental information can be collected by self-organizing WSN formed by spreading wireless sensor nodes. When the UAV is applied to the clustered WSN as the mobile sink node for data collection, the UAV needs to forward not only the information of each cluster head node, but also the important information detected by its own sensor. In order to ensure the timely forwarding of UAV sensor detection information, further reduce the energy consumption of cluster head node and prolong the life of WSN network, this paper proposed an asynchronous data forwarding polling control system with priority, and used Markov chain and probability generating function to model and analyze the system performance. Using FPGA with asynchronous reading and writing FIFO function as the main control device, it designed the hardware circuit structure of the polling system based on FPGA, which verified the feasibility and high efficiency of the polling control system. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme can ensure timely transmission of important data by UAV, shorten service delay, improve WSN energy efficiency and optimize system performance.