中国学前教育财政投入的问题与改革

自上世纪50年代起,与办学体制紧密相关的中国学前教育投入体制在近60年的时间内几乎没有发生本质变化,已经成为学前教育发展的制约因素。总结学前教育财政体制的特征及其存在的问题,有助于明确学前教育财政体制改革的目标和方向,对于学前教育的发展具有重要意义。分析发现,学前教育财政在投入总量、地区差异、成本分担比例及资金分配和使用效率等方面存在诸多问题。学前教育财政体制应该进行重大改革,其思路是:明晰各级政府责任,大幅度提高投入总量;通过增加普惠性公办园、建立资助体系、发展普惠性民办园等方式促进公平并提高资金使用效率;规范收费管理体制,减少收费混乱现象。

Problems in China's Pre-School Education Finance Investment and the Reform

Since the fifties of the last century,China’s pre-school education investment system,which has been essentially associated with the school running system,has almost experienced little change,a severe problem that has become a constraint factor for the development.To summarize the characteristics and problems may avail a better understanding of the reform purpose and orientation.Analyses reveal that there exist numerous problems in the total ratio of the education investment,regional differences,responsibility-sharing proportionality of the prime costs,and the fund allotment and uses.It therefore needs significant reform of the system,and the orientation should be as follows:(i) to make clear the responsibilities of all ranks of governments,to promote largely the total sum of investment;(ii) to advance the equity by increasing the number of the public-benefit kindergartens,setting up assistance system,and developing the public-benefit kindergartens,and to promote the efficiency of fund uses;and(iii) to standardize the charge administration system to decrease the possibilities of disorders in the charges.