上海市高架道路降雨径流的水质特征与负荷估算

以上海市高架道路五洲大道某段为研究对象,采集和检测了19场降雨径流的水质,对径流的水质特征和营养盐形态进行了分析,并对污染物负荷进行估算。结果表明不同场次降雨径流平均质量浓度（EMC）差异明显,COD、TSS、TN、TP和NH3-N的EMC平均值为139、261、2.35、0.46、1.07 mg/L,其中TSS,COD的EMC平均值分别是《上海市污水综合排放标准》（DB 31/199—2009）排放限值二级标准的2.3倍和6.2倍,溶解态氮、颗粒态磷是径流中营养盐的主要输出形式。负荷估算结果表明COD,TSS,TN,TP和NH3-N年污染负荷分别为1 317、2 473、22.3、4.3和10.1 kg/hm2·a,远高于国外的研究结果,会对受纳水体造成严重的污染。该研究可为城市高架道路径流管理提供基础数据和参考依据,对改善城市水环境质量具有十分重要的意义。

Characteristics of Water Quality and Load of Pollution for Highway Rainfall Runoff in Shanghai

Runoff of 19 rainfall events were sampled and monitored for water quality characteristics and load analysis in a section of Wuzhou Expressway in Shanghai.The results show that the event mean concentrations（EMC） of runoff pollution from different storm events vary significantly.EMC of COD,TSS,TN,TP and NH3-N are 139,236,2.35,0.46,1.07 mg /L,respectively.EMC of TSS and COD are 2.3 and 6.2 times as much as Class II of DB 31 /199—2009,respectively.Dissolved nitrogen and particulate phosphorus are main components of TN and TP.The loads of COD,TSS,TN,TP and NH3-N are 1 317,2 473,22.3,4.3 and 10.1 kg /hm2·a,respectively,which are much higher than the results in other countries.The results also indicate that elevated road runoff may have a great effect on receiving waters.The study can provide the basic data and reference for the management of elevated road rainfall runoff,which is very significant for water quality improvement in urban water bodies.