超高压辅助中华管鞭虾脱壳及对其肌肉品质的影响

为研究超高压处理对虾仁品质的影响,采取不同的压力(100~500 MPa)处理中华管鞭虾,通过测定虾仁肌原纤维蛋白盐溶性、巯基含量、表面疏水性、Ca~(2+)-ATPase活性及虾仁色泽、质构、肌肉超微结构,研究超高压处理在辅助脱去虾壳的同时对虾仁肌肉及其蛋白生化特性的影响。结果表明,与对照组相比,200、300 MPa处理中华管鞭虾,在保持虾仁结构完整性及其良好品质的同时能显著提高脱壳效果,400、500 MPa处理后虾肉发生熟化;200 MPa处理组虾肉硬度、弹性和咀嚼性比对照组分别提高35.37%、7.46%和24.93%,肌原纤维蛋白除表面疏水性上升外,其盐溶性、总巯基含量和Ca~(2+)-ATPase活性无明显变化;而300、400、500 MPa处理后肌原纤维蛋白盐溶性、巯基含量及Ca~(2+)-ATPase活性下降明显。结合脱壳效果和对虾仁肌肉及其肌原纤维蛋白生化特性的影响,选择200 MPa处理中华管鞭虾,可有效提高脱壳效果,还能保持虾仁良好品质。实验结果可为冻虾仁生产中利用超高压辅助中华管鞭虾脱壳技术的应用提供支持。

Shelling of Solenocera melantho Using Ultra High Pressure and Its Effect on the Quality of Muscle

With the aim to study the effect of ultra high pressure (UHP) on the shelling and quality of shrimp meat, Solenocera melantho was subjected to UHP treatment (100?500 MPa), and evaluated for salt-soluble protein content, total sulfhydryl content and Ca2+-ATPase activity of myofibrillar protein, as well as the color, texture and ultrastructure of shrimp muscle. The results indicated that UHP at 200 and 300 MPa could improve the shelling efficiency while maintaining the integrity and quality of shrimp meat, but shrimp meat showed some degree of curing at 400 and 500 MPa. Compared with the control group, the hardness, springiness and chewiness of shrimp meat increased by 35.37%, 7.46% and 24.93% respectively, the surface hydrophobicity rose, but the salt-soluble proteins content, total sulfhydryl content and Ca2+-ATPase activity of myofibrillar protein had no significant differences at 200 MPa. After treated with 300, 400 and 500 MPa, the saltsoluble protein content, total sulfhydryl content and Ca2+-ATPase activity of myofibrillar protein decreased. Taking into account both shelling efficiency and the influence of UHP on the biochemical characteristics of shrimp protein, a pressure of 200 MPa was suitable to treat S. melantho. These results can provide a full support for the industrial application of UHP in the shucking of S. melantho in the production of frozen shrimp.