让矿业法独立于矿产资源法的法治价值

绝大多数国家长期以来是矿业法单独立法,只有前苏联和苏联解体后的国家是矿业法由《地下资源法》兼任,但以吉尔吉斯斯坦为开端的国家已逐步让矿业法单列。保护矿产资源财产权的私法与监控矿业市场以保护环境、健康安全、合理开发为目的的公法合体,则国家权力与权利错位、缺位的法律机制的形成,既不能保护矿产资源,更缺失对矿业市场的管制。中国现行《矿产资源法》的诸法合体,导致产权保护和社会管制都处于计划体制下的人治状态,阻碍了法治的进程。矿业法单列是必然趋势,完成转变观念和机制等前期工程是单列的条件。

LET THE MINING LAW INDEPENDENT OF THE LAW OF MINERAL RESOURCES

There is an independent mining law in most countries,with the exception of the former Soviet Union and the break-up states from it,where the mining law is in the law of ground resources.However,the Kyrghyz republic begins to let the mining law separate from the resources law.The mining law is a private law to protect mineral resources,while the resources law is a public law to monitor mining market,protect environment,guarantee the safety and reasonable utilization of resources.The national power and right will be in wrong places or missing and the protection of mineral resources and monitoring of mining market will fail if the above-mentioned private and public laws are not independent from each other.There exist similar problems in China,so attention should be paid to make active preparation in order to set up an quite new mining law.