沿海防护林优良适生树种造林效果研究

研究了沙质地沿海防护林优良适生树种木麻黄、湿地松和厚荚相思的生长特性及生态适应性。结果表明,立地类型与林分生长关系十分密切,泥炭性风积沙土最适宜这3个树种生长,水化性风积沙土和不均一性风积沙土相对不利于这3个树种生长。木麻黄、湿地松和厚荚相思在沿海沙质地的生长表现及对环境的适应性各有优劣,林木生长速度表现为厚荚相思最快,木麻黄次之,湿地松较慢;抗强风能力则是湿地松最好,木麻黄次之,厚荚相思较弱;海岸前沿耐潮湿海风能力表现为木麻黄最好,厚荚相思次之,湿地松较差。木麻黄目前仍然是沿海防护林海岸前沿不可替代的造林树种,湿地松抗风能力最强,而厚荚相思最能适应沿海沙质地干旱瘠薄的恶劣立地条件且生长迅速,对土壤改良效果良好。

Growth Performance of Fine Adaptive Tree Species for Coastal Protection Forest

The growing properties and adaptability of Casuarina equisetifolia, Pinus elliottii, and Acacia crassicarpa on coastal sandy sites were studied. The results showed that the growth of stand is closely related with the site types. The sandy soil deposited by wind is most suitable for the growth of 3 species. However, the hydrated soil deposited by wind and the uneven soil deposited by wind are not suitable for them. Their growing performances and adaptability were different. The growing speed was A.crassicarpa>C.equisetifolia>P.elliottii, the strong wind resistance was P.elliottii>C.equisetifolia>A.crassicarpa, and the moist sea wind resistance was C.equisetifolia>A.crassicarpa>P.elliottii. In general, C.equisetifolia still was the best tree species for constructing the coastal protection forest in the frontal costal sandy site. However, P.elliottii had the ability to resist the strong sea wind, and A.crassicarpa could adapt the dry sand site, grow fast in the coastal area, and improve the soil fertility. So, the different tree species could be selected to construct the coastal protection forest in different sites in order to get the best protection effect.