秸秆还田配施石灰对酸性水稻土有机碳及碳库管理指数的影响

为探明稻秆还田配施石灰对酸性水稻土有机碳库的影响，于广东省白云区和惠阳区开展田间试验，设置常规施肥（CK）、秸秆还田+常规施肥（RS）和秸秆还田配施石灰+常规施肥（RS+L）这3个处理，分析了土壤总有机碳（TOC）、水溶性有机碳（DOC）、活性有机碳（LOC）、颗粒态有机碳（POC）、微生物量碳（MBC）、碳库指数（CPI）、稳定性有机碳（IOC）、碳库活度（L）、碳库活度指数（CPAI）和碳库管理指数（CPMI）的变化.结果表明，与CK相比，RS+L处理显著提高TOC、LOC、POC和MBC含量，增幅分别为10.24%~17.79%、34.49%~44.37%、19.27%~23.59%和33.36%~43.26%（P<0.05）.与CK相比，RS+L处理显著提高水稻生长前期（移栽后15~45 d期间）的DOC含量（P<0.05），但对水稻生长后期的DOC无显著影响.RS+L较RS处理的TOC、LOC、POC和MBC分别提高了2.15%~6.95%、1.17%~17.90%、4.27%~8.65%和12.99%~14.53%.与CK相比，RS+L处理显著提高IOC和CPI，其增幅分别为8.32%~15.57%和14.00%~20.00%（P<0.05）.RS较CK处理显著提高CPI，其增幅为14.00%~18.00%（P<0.05）.不同处理间的L、CPAI和CPMI差异不显著.RS+L处理的土壤pH值显著高于CK处理（P<0.05）.不同处理间的水稻产量无差异.主成分分析结果表明，水稻产量主要与DOC、LOC、CPAI和CPMI相关，但对土壤有机碳和碳库管理指数变化的贡献率较低.主成分分析还表明，秸秆还田配施石灰通过改善酸性水稻土的pH值和养分含量，驱动MBC和POC等有机碳组分的形成和积累，促进SOC的提升.综上，秸秆还田配施石灰有利于酸性水稻土MBC、POC、LOC和IOC等有机碳组分的积累，从而提高土壤总有机碳含量和稳定性，是提升酸性水稻土固碳减排功能的有效途径.

Effects of Straw Returning with Lime on SOC and Carbon Pool Management in Acidic Paddy Soil

Soil acidification and low SOC are the main limiting factors in acidic paddy soils. Straw returning with lime is an effective measure to alleviate soil acidification and improve soil fertility; however, its interaction effects on SOC and carbon pool management are still unclear. To investigate the impact of straw returning with lime on the organic carbon pool of acidic paddy soil, field experiments were conducted on acidic paddy soil in Baiyun District and Huiyang District of Guangdong Province. The changes in soil total organic carbon (TOC), water-soluble organic carbon (DOC), active organic carbon (LOC), particulate organic carbon (POC), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), carbon pool index (CPI), stable organic carbon (IOC), carbon pool activity (L), carbon pool activity index (CPAI), and carbon pool management index (CPMI) were analyzed under three treatments (CK, conventional fertilization; RS, straw returning+conventional fertilization; RS+L straw returning with lime+conventional fertilization). The results demonstrated that compared with that in CK, the TOC, LOC, POC, and MBC in the RS+L treatment were significantly increased by 10.24%-17.79%, 34.49%-44.37%, 19.27%-23.59%, and 33.36%-43.26%, respectively (P<0.05). Compared with that in CK, the RS+L treatment significantly increased the DOC content during the early growth stage (15-45 days after transplanting) of rice (P<0.05) but had no significant influence on the DOC content during the late growth stage of rice. Compared with that in RS, the TOC, LOC, POC, and MBC in the RS+L treatment were increased by 2.15%-6.95%, 1.17%-17.90%, 4.27%-8.65%, and 12.99%-14.53%, respectively. Compared with that in CK, the RS+L treatment significantly increased IOC and CPI by 8.32%-15.57% and 14.00%-20.00%, respectively (P<0.05). Compared with that in the CK treatment, the RS treatment significantly increased CPI by 14.00%-18.00% (P<0.05). No significant differences in L, CPAI, or CPMI were detected among the different treatments. The soil pH in the RS+L treatment was significantly higher than that in the CK treatment (P<0.05). No significant differences in rice yield were detected among the different treatments. Principal component analysis demonstrated that rice yield was primarily correlated with DOC, LOC, CPAI, and CPMI but its contribution to SOC and carbon pool management index was low. Principal component analysis also indicated that straw returning with lime could improve soil pH and nutrient contents of acidic paddy soil, driving the formation and accumulation of organic carbon fraction such as MBC and POC, thus boosting the increase in SOC. In conclusion, straw returning with lime is beneficial to the accumulation of MBC, POC, LOC, and IOC in acidic paddy soil to improve the content and stability of soil total organic carbon, which is an effective way to improve the carbon sequestration of acidic paddy soil.