特种设备用钢丝绳断裂的原因

采用宏观检验、断口分析、显微组织观察、化学成分分析、拆股试验等方法对特种设备用钢丝绳的断裂原因进行分析。结果表明:钢丝绳发生了疲劳断裂。在使用过程中钢丝绳承受着拉、弯、扭、挤、振动等复杂交变应力,使得钢丝绳外层股以及绳芯钢丝局部应力集中,同时在挤压、摩擦过程中温度升高导致表面组织发生相变,进而产生微裂纹,裂纹扩展导致断裂。绳芯钢丝比外层股钢丝磨损得更快,首先失效;在绳芯失效后,外层股钢丝磨损加速,进而导致钢丝绳整体失效。

Cause of Fracture on Special Equipment Wire Rope

Broken cause of wire rope for special equipment was analyzed by macroscopic inspection,fracture analysis,microstructure observation,chemical composition analysis,dismantling test,and so on.The results show that the wire rope failed by fatigue fracture.During use,the wire rope was subjected to complex alternating stresses such as tension,bending,torsion,extrusion and vibration,leading to local stress concentration of the outer strand wires and core wires of the rope;meanwhile,the rising temperature during the extrusion and friction process led to the surface phase transition.Therefore microcracks were initiated and propagated,resulting in the fracture.The core wires wore faster than the outer strand wires,and first failed.After the failure of the rope core,the outer strand wires wore up quickly,resulting in the overall failure of the wire rope.