河南省2014—2018年度儿童流感流行特征与疫苗接种现状分析

目的 对河南省2014—2018年度0~14岁儿童流感监测数据及全省流感疫苗接种现状进行分析,为儿童流感预防提供科学依据。方法 利用“中国流感监测信息系统”,对河南省22家哨点医院2014年9月—2018年8月报告的0~14岁儿童流感样病例资料、病原学资料进行分析,利用“河南省免疫规划信息管理系统”中2014年9月—2018年8月0~14岁儿童流感疫苗接种资料进行疫苗接种分析。结果 河南省2014—2018年4个监测年度0~14岁儿童ILI数及比例分别为129 905例(79.97%)、135 148例(79.56%)、142 653例(80.88%)和181 760例(81.77%)。2014—2016年度流行毒株型以H3亚型和B型为主交替流行,2017—2018年以甲型H1N1型为主,中间穿插H3型和B型Yamagata系。随着儿童年龄的增加,流感病毒阳性率呈上升趋势,差异有统计学意义(χ²_趋势=1 244.06,P＜0.001)。小年龄组儿童流感(0~8岁)主要集中在冬季(69.42%)、春季(15.86%)和秋季(13.57%),大年龄组(9~14岁组)主要集中在冬季(76.17%)和秋季(14.82%)。河南省2014—2018年0~14岁儿童流感疫苗接种从8月份开始,10月份达到高峰,7—10月份流感疫苗接种量占总接种量的36.09%。结论 河南省2014—2018年度儿童流感流行高峰主要在冬季,优势毒株交替流行,应重视甲型流感病毒对儿童的影响。在秋冬季流感防控的基础上,进一步加强幼儿园及散居儿童春季流感的防控。河南省流感疫苗接种较晚,建议应在10月份完成儿童流感疫苗的全程接种。

Epidemic characteristics and vaccination status of childhood influenza in Henan province,2014-2018

Objective To analyze the influenza surveillance data about children aged 0-14 years in Henan province from 2014 to 2018 and the current status of influenza vaccination in the province,and to provide scientific evidence for influenza prevention in children.Methods Based on the National Influenza Surveillance Network,we collected and analyzed the data regarding 0-14-year-old children’s influenza like illness(ILI)cases and virologic detection results reported by 22 sentinel hospitals in Henan province from September 2014 to August 2018;meanwhile,we analyzed influenza vaccination on the basis of the data collected from the Information Management System of Immunization Program in Henan Province and concerning influenza vaccination of children aged 0-14 years from September 2014 to August 2018.Results The number and proportion of ILI cases of children aged0-14 years in Henan province in the four monitoring years from 2014 to 2018 were 129,905(79.97%),135,148(79.56%),142,653(80.88%)and 181,760(81.77%),respectively.The popular strains in 2014-2016 were mainly the H3 subtype and B type.The popular strains in 2017-2018 were mainly the H1 N1 type A,interlacing with the H3 and B type Yamagata lines.The positive rate of influenza virus showed an upward trend with the increase of children’s age,and the difference was statistically significant(χ^2trend=1,244.06,P<0.001).Influenza occurring in younger children aged 0-8 years was mainly concentrated in winter(69.42%),spring(15.86%)and autumn(13.57%),while that occurring in elder children age 9-14 years in winter(76.17%)and autumn(14.82%).Influenza vaccination for children aged 0-14 years in Henan province in 2014-2018 began in August and reached a peak in October,with the amount of influenza vaccination from July to October accounting for 36.09%of the total inoculation.Conclusions The peak of children influenza epidemic in Henan province in 2014-2018 is mainly in winter,and thepredominant strains circulate alternately.Special attention should be paid to the impact of influenza A virus on children.On the basis of prevention and control of influenza in autumn and winter,influenza prevention and control in preschoolers in spring should be further strengthened.Influenza vaccination for children in Henan province is late;and hence,it is recommended that full-course influenza vaccination for children should be completed before October.