超声振动辅助钻削技术综述

麻花钻钻孔是机械加工领域最为常用的孔加工方法。传统麻花钻钻孔加工中，特别是对一些难加工材料进行钻孔加工时，存在轴向力大、表面质量差等诸多问题。超声振动辅助钻削属于振动钻削技术的一种，即在钻孔过程中在麻花钻上施加大于15 kHz的高频振动，钻头的周期性振动改善了切削刃工作状况，可在一定程度上解决难加工材料制孔难题。介绍超声振动辅助钻削技术的分类、技术特点和系统组成的基础上，从动力学研究、振动断屑理论研究、切削力研究、精度及加工质量研究、在新材料上的应用和超声振动钻削装置六个方面论述了超声振动辅助钻削理论和技术的国内外研究进展。基于超声振动辅助钻削技术的发展现状，结合航空航天等领域难加工材料制孔技术的需求，从理论研究、超声振动系统开发完善、新材料工艺研究、专用超声辅助钻削机床开发以及超声振动辅助加工规范标准制定等方面指出了现有研究和应用中存在的问题并对未来发展趋势做以展望。

Review of Ultrasonic Vibration Assisted Drilling

Drilling with twist drill is a very common process in the mechanical manufacturing field, which normally produces large axial drilling force and gives poor surface quality. Ultrasonic vibration assisted drilling (UAD) is a kind of vibration assisted drilling (VAD) technology, which is superimposed ultrasonic vibration with frequency larger than 15 kHz on the drilling tool along the axial direction of the tool. The contacting conditions of the cutting edges of the tool with the workpieces can be improved owning to the periodical vibration, which is helpful to obtain a hole with good quality, especially for the difficult-to-cut material. The classification, the feature and the system constitutions of UAD are introduced. The detailed research progress of UAD is reviewed form the different aspects including the dynamics analysis, the vibration chip-breaking theory, the cutting force, the hole precision and surface quality, the application of UAD on the new materials, and the development of UAD equipment. Based on the analysis on the developing status of UAD and the requirement of hole machining on the difficult-to-cut material, the current problems and the development tendency of UAD are indicated from the aspects of the theory study, the specific ultrasonic vibration system development, the application of UAD on the new materials, the UAD equipment and the normalization and standardization of UAD.