面向最优匹配位置的大部件自动对接装配综合评价指标

火箭、飞机、舰船等大型产品结构复杂，多为分段制造后进行总装对接，此类分段大部件对接质量直接影响总体装配质量。传统的对接装配工艺自动化程度低、过度依赖专用检具和人工经验。部件对接装配最佳匹配位置的确定，是提高大部件对接装配效率和质量关键之一，基于先进测量设备和自动化定位装备，建立面向大部件最优匹配位置的综合评价指标体系。首先，基于点集匹配、直线对齐、平面匹配和曲面匹配的数学模型，建立大部件对接结构中各关键特征的装配准确度评价指标；其次，从制造准确度和协调准确度两个方面构建大部件对接装配最优匹配位置的综合评价指标体系，为部件制造质量评估提供有效的评价方法，也为部件之间最优匹配位置求解提供目标；最后，基于实验室自主研发的大部件对接平台，以筒段模拟件对接为研究对象，验证了这一综合评价指标体系在指导大部件装配对接的有效性，与传统工艺相比，可直接保证最优对接位置，提高装配质量。

Evaluation Index Framework of Optimal Matching Position for Large Components Automatic Assembly

Products such as rocket, aircraft, and ship have complex structures and demand for high quality. The final assembly process of these components effects heavily on the quality of the product. Traditional assembly processes of such product rely heavily on manual experience, special tools and have low level of automation. Determining the optimal matching pose of two large components is one of the key points to improve the quality of the assembly process. Based on the advanced measuring and positioning equipment, a comprehensive evaluation index framework for the optimal matching pose of the large component is established. Mathematic models of matching variations of commonly used geometric characteristics are established, including point-set matching, line alignment, plane matching, surface matching and geometrical constraints etc. Manufacturing and assembly accuracy of large component is analyzed and used as an effective guidance in the assembly process. Two large component is assembled under the guidance of such evaluation index framework in laboratory, and the result and effectiveness is presented and analyzed.