对文艺本质研究的历史反思

文学艺术的本质是由文学艺术整体结构而不是由这个结构中的这个或那个因素所规定的。孤立地考察文艺的某一构成因素,进而将其看成整个文艺的本质,或许也能揭示文艺的某一层面的本质,但从整体上看,则是片面的。已往的几种艺术本质理论,如单一的客观反映论或单一的主体表现论,虽然也包含有一定的合理性,但却常常以自身理论的相对正确性来排斥和否定其他理论的合理性,以对文艺的某一构成因素的分析来代替对其他因素乃至对整个关系结构的分析。这就要求对文艺本质的研究,应该对已往的艺术本质理论进行综合的辩证分析,以找到一条把它们既区别辨析开来又融会贯通起来的新的研究途径。

The Reflection on the Study of the Essence of Art

The essence of art is determined by the holistic structures of art rather than by this or that element in art. The isolated investigation of some element of art and the exaggeration of the element as the essence of art might be helpful to reveal the essence of art on some level; however, to view it holistically, the practices as such are unilateral. I will criticize several theories about the essence of art and take the doctrines of objective reflection and subjective expression as examples to illustrate what I mean. Therefore, the research of the essence of art should be based on the dialectic analyses and syntheses of the old theories in order to find out a new way to the discovery of the essence of art.