有机磷酸酯类阻燃剂毒性效应研究进展

有机磷酸酯类阻燃剂(organophosphate flame retardants,OPFRs)作为多溴联苯醚等溴代阻燃剂(brominated flame retardants,BFRs)的替代品被广泛应用,由此带来的环境影响广受关注。目前针对OPFRs的生物毒性研究仍相对有限,需要更全面调查其在多环境介质中的暴露状况、环境归趋、生物毒性效应等研究成果,在此基础上才能综合评价其可能引起的生态风险。因此,综述了OPFRs对水生生物、哺乳动物和人类等多种生物体的急性毒性、生殖与发育毒性、神经毒性、脏器毒性、基因毒性与致突变性和内分泌干扰性。OPFRs的多种生物毒性已得到证实,但相关致毒机制研究尚不完整深入。最后对OPFRs的进一步研究存在的问题进行分析,提出了研究展望,以期促进开展OPFRs的环境风险和人体健康风险研究。

Research Progress on Toxicity Effects of Organophosphate Flame Retardants

Organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs), substitutes for brominated flame retardants, have been widely used around the world. As emerging contaminants, their environment impacts have attracted extensive attention in recent years. Current bio-toxicity studies for OPFRs are still relatively limited, a more comprehensive investigation of their exposure status, environmental fate and bio-toxicity effects in multiple environmental media is needed to comprehensively evaluate the ecological risks of these contaminants. This article reviewed the acute toxicity, reproductive and developmental toxicity, neurotoxicity, organ toxicity, genotoxicity and mutagenicity, and endocrine disruption of OPFRs to various organisms including aquatic organism, mammal, and human. Multiple bio-toxicity of OPFRs has been validated and interpreted, but the information on related toxic mechanisms is not complete. At last, we discussed the perspectives for future studies on the exposure prediction and risk assessment of OPFRs in multiple environmental media.