日光温室气象环境综合研究 Ⅰ.墙体、覆盖物热效应研究初报

为科学地确定日光温室的合理结构,对鞍山、北京、天津等地建造使用的两类日光温室进行了墙体、前屋面覆盖物温度观测,结果表明:塑料膜日光温室夜间的主要放热面仍是前屋面,尽管前屋面薄膜上覆盖有纸被、草苫等,室内气温与覆盖物内侧温差仍十分显著地大于室内气温与墙体内侧温差。墙体系土墙者,全天为“吸热体”;系有空心夹层砖墙者,则在温室升温阶段为“吸热体”,在降温阶段为“放热体”。测量还发现,这两种墙体内均存在一个温度变化比较恒定的中间层,其机理有待进一步研究。经测定分析认为,日光温室较理想的墙体结构是:内侧由吸热、蓄热较好材料组成蓄热层,外侧由导热,放热较差材料组成保温层,中间设隔热层。

Comprehensive Study on the Meteorological Environment of the Sunlight GreenhouseI.Preliminary study on the thermal effect of the wall body and covering materials

The observation of the temperature of wall body and front roof covering materials of two types of sunlight greenhouse showed that under the conditions of covering with straw mattress and paper quilt, the front roof was still the maia exothermic surface of the sunlight glasshouse during the night and the earth wall was the endothermic body during the whole day. The hollow brick wall with double layer was the endothermic body during the temperature rising period but it was the exothermic body during the temperature falling period in the greenhouse. The wall body with the heat preservative layer composed of endothermic and heat preservative material inside, with the heat preservative layer composed of heat-conducting and exothermic material outside and with heat insulating layer in the middle was the ideal wall body structure of the sunlight glasshouse. A rather constant layer of the temperature change within the wall body will be further studied.