利用CALPUFF对安徽和河南秸秆焚烧的模拟与研究

秸秆焚烧会产生大量的颗粒物(PM)、氮氧化物、有机碳、苯以及多环芳烃等污染物，不仅影响空气质量，危害人体健康，而且大大降低能见度，对交通运输构成威胁. 针对安徽和河南2009年6月严重的秸秆焚烧现象，对CALPUFF模拟系统和FEPS模型进行重新编译与整合，对空气动力学直径小于10 μm的颗粒物(PM₁₀)进行扩散模拟，得到逐时ρ(PM₁₀₎的烟羽扩散，并对模拟结果进行分析. 结果表明，秸秆焚烧过程中焚烧点附近的ρ(PM₁₀₎较大，研究区域内部分区域的日均ρ(PM₁₀₎大于我国二级标准(150 μg/m3)甚至三级标准(350 μg/m3). 如果考虑二次粒子，其影响程度会更加严重. 

Research and Simulation of Straw Crop Burning in Anhui and Henan Provinces Using CALPUFF

Straw crop burning emits a number of pollutants, including particulate matter (PM), nitrogen oxides, organic carbons (OC), benzene, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, etc. These pollutants not only impact air quality and are harmful to human health, but also greatly reduce visibility and thus pose a threat to transportation safety. In view of the serious straw crop burning phenomenon in Anhui and Henan Provinces in June, 2009, the CALPUFF modeling system and FEPS (Fire Emission Production Simulator) model were recompiled and integrated to simulate dispersion of PM with aerodynamic diameter less than 10 μm (PM₁₀) from the straw crop burning. Also, hourly PM₁₀ mass concentration plume diffusions were obtained. Simulation results show that high PM₁₀ mass concentrations are observed near the fire sources, and that daily average PM₁₀ mass concentrations in some areas are higher than the national daily average standard level Ⅱ (150 μg/m3) and even level Ⅲ (350 μg/m3). If the formation of secondary particles were also considered, the impacts could be even greater.