生物柴油催化合成的研究进展

生物柴油主要成分是动、植物油脂与醇经酯交换反应得到的脂肪酸单烷基酯。与普通柴油相比，生物柴油具有高十六烷值、低芳烃含量、高闪点、较好的低温启动性等优点。综述了酸碱催化法、酶催化法、超临界法、催化加氢法和微生物油脂法等生物柴油催化合成技术的最新研究进展，主要从生物柴油收率、反应条件、制备成本和环境影响等角度分析比较。展望了生物柴油在我国的发展前景。

Progresses in Catalytic Synthesis of Biodiesel Production

The main components of biodiesel are the fatty acid monoalkyl esters obtained from the transesterification of plant oils or animal fats with alcohols. Compared with an ordinary diesel fuel, the biodiesel has the advantages of high cetane number, low aromatic content, high flash point and good low temperature startup performance. In this paper, the latest research advances in biodiesel production with catalytic synthesis technology are reviewed, including acid base catalysis, enzyme catalysis, supercritical method, catalytic hydrogenation and microbial oil. The comparison of different catalytic synthesis methods is performed from the aspects of biodiesel yield, reaction condition, preparation cost, and environmental impact. The development prospects of biodiesel in China are also discussed.