有机物料对植烟土壤养分、酶活性和微生物群落功能多样性的影响

  目的  为探究有机物料施用对土壤养分和生物学特性的影响。  方法  采用盆栽试验，研究了草炭、花生壳炭、蒸汽爆破烟梗和玉米秸秆对植烟土壤的影响，采用BIOLOG ECO平板培养技术分析了土壤微生物群落功能多样性。  结果  施用有机物料能够显著提高土壤有机碳、速效氮、速效磷和速效钾含量；汽爆玉米秸秆处理土壤MBC、MBN含量及脲酶、蔗糖酶活性提高幅度最大。BIOLOG分析结果表明，有机物料提高了土壤微生物AWCD和多样性指数。主成分分析结果表明，生物炭促进了以羧酸类和多聚物类物质为碳源的微生物的生长，汽爆玉米秸秆有利于以碳水化合物类、氨基酸类、酚酸类和胺类物质为碳源微生物的生长。  结论  施用有机物料可提高植烟土壤养分含量，改善土壤微生态环境，其中以汽爆玉米秸秆效果最好。 

Effects of organic matter on nutrient,enzyme activity and functional diversity of microbial community in tobacco planting soil

  Objective  This study aims to determine effects of organic matter on nutrients and biological characteristics in tobacco planting soil.  Methods  Pot experiment was carried out with peat, peanut shell charcoal, steam explosion tobacco stalk and corn straw applied to tobacco-planting soil. BIOLOG ECO micro-plate was used to analyze functional diversity of microbial communities.  Results  Application of organic matter can significantly increase contents of soil organic carbon, available phosphor, available potassium and alkaline nitrogen. Contents of MBC and MBN as well as the activity of urease and sucrase in the soil treated by corn straw with steam explosion increased the most. Results of BIOLOG revealed that the application of organic matter increased AWCD and diversity index. Principal component analysis results indicated that biochar promoted growth of microorganisms that use carboxyl and polymer materials as carbon sources. Corn straw with steam explosion was beneficial to the growth of microorganisms with carbohydrates, amino acids, phenolic acids, and amines as carbon source. Peat and steam explosion tobacco stalk had no significantly effect in enhancing growth of microorganisms. In conclusion, application of organic matter can improve nutrient contents in tobacco planting soil and improve soil microecological environment, in which steam exploded corn stalk has the best effect.