再论氯化铵氮肥的发展前景

近 2 0年来 ,在十多种土壤类型上对 3 0多种作物的氯素营养和含氯化肥进行了大量试验研究 ,提出了科学施用含氯化肥的崭新概念。第一 ,更新了植物氯素营养概念 ,将“忌氯作物”更新为“作物耐氯力强弱”的概念 ,并进行了定量化测定分类 ,为含氯化肥科学施用奠定了理论依据。第二 ,提出了“作物的土壤氯容量”新概念 ,为含氯化肥科学施用提供了基础依据。第三 ,明确了在非盐渍化土壤地区 ,氯在土壤中残留量少 ,尽管随年降雨量多少氯残留量有波动 ,但就多年平均来看这是一个常数 ,而不是累加效应。这就为持续施用含氯化肥提供了实践依据。据此提出了氯化铵等含氯化肥的施用原则 :优先用于耐氯力强的作物 ,优先用于含氯量低的土壤 ,针对含氯化肥本身特性采用合理施用技术 ,根据降雨量等气候条件 ,因地制宜科学施用。研究表明 ,我国年产氯化铵50 0 0～ 60 0 0kt,作物—土壤是可以容纳的。只要用量适宜、用法得当 ,完全可以获得与不含氯化肥同样的优质高产效果。

Once Again Review on the Prospect of Ammonium Chloride Fertilizer

About twenty years we had been studied thoroughly and systematically on chlorine nutrition of plant and chlorinecontaining fertilizers and had got through abrupt progress, and brought forth new theoretical ideas. The first, renewing the concept of plant nutrition, it have changed from qualitative concepts, such as “chlorophilic crop” and “chlorolous crop” to quantitative concepts, such as “chlorine tolerance” and “critical value of chlorine tolerance of crop”. On the basis of determination results of the critical values of chlorine tolerance of crop about thirty-five crops of three types, we presented those quantitative concepts for the first time. According to those chlorine tolerance values, the plant chlorine tolerance can be divided into three types(i.e strong, medium and weak). The second, soil chlorine volume of plant i.e critical value of chlorine tolerance of plant minus chlorine-content of soil. This concert can be considered chlorine tolerance of plant associated with the chlorine content of soil. The third, according to experimental results of long period of time (i.e fifteen years) in the fixed experimental base, the annual residual chlorine content in soil is a constant varied with the annual precipitation. Accumulation effect of residual chlorine content not exists in the soil. These new concepts as mentioned above are called three principles of scientific application of chlorine-containing fertilizers. The first principle is a criterion to make a distinction between strong and weak chlorine tolerance of plant. The second principle is a relationship between the chlorine tolerance of plant and the chlorine content of soil. The third principle is about accumulation effect of the residual chlorine content in soil. The scientific application of the chlorine containing fertilizer are based on these three principles. According to theoretical and experimental results of our scientific research group, we can predict that if annual output of NH 4Cl(i.e by product of the Hou's process) is about 5～6 millions tons, it also might use continuously and successfully as the chlorine-containing fertilizers and output of crops may be increased sharply. Because of the problem of NH 4Cl haring wrong influence on the fertility of the soil and yield and quality of the crops, had been resolved. And then, it is believed that precedent development of the Hou's process is appropriate. And because of production cost of the Hou's process is cheaper than Ammonia-soda process and it is called “green fertilizers engineering”.