浙江南部沿海地区鼠传疾病流行趋势分析

目的分析浙江南部沿海地区肾综合征出血热(HFRS)、钩端螺旋体病(钩体病)等鼠传疾病流行情况,为实施防控策略提供科学依据。方法收集浙南沿海地区鼠传疾病疫情报告和监测资料,用Excel 2003软件对数据进行整理分析。结果浙南沿海地区是鼠传疾病老疫区,新中国成立以来曾报告鼠疫、HFRS、钩体病、斑疹伤寒和恙虫病等鼠传疾病,2004-2012年累计报告鼠传疾病165例,其中HFRS 113例,钩体病3例和恙虫病49例。鼠疫从1950年后进入静息期,无报告病例;从2011年开始疫情呈缓慢上升趋势;钩体病从20世纪60年代开始报告,发病率达445/10万,20世纪80年代后逐年下降,目前处于散发状态;20世纪50年代以来一直有恙虫病病例报告,近年来恙虫病报告病例呈增多趋势。1984年以来发现鼠形动物16种,其中褐家鼠、臭鼩鼱和黄胸鼠为优势种。结论浙南沿海地区适宜鼠传疾病动物宿主孳生繁殖,人口流动频繁,存在鼠传疾病流行暴发风险,应加强鼠传疾病综合监测积极防范鼠传疾病危害。

Epidemiology of rodent-borne diseases in coastal area in southern Zhejiang

Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of rodent-borne diseases, such as plague, hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome （HFRS） and leptospirosis, in coastal area （Wenzhou） of southern Zhejiang province and provide evidence for the prevention and control of rodent borne diseases. Methods The incidence data of rodent-borne diseases in Wenzhou from 2004 to 2012 were collected and analyzed with software excel 2003. Results The coastal area in southern Zhejiang was endemic area of rodent-borne diseases, plague, hemorrhagic fever and leptospirosis were reported during the past 6 decades. A total of 165 cases of rodent-borne diseases were reported from 2004 to 2012,including 113 HFRS cases, 3 leptospirosis cases, 49 scrub typhus cases. No plague cases were reported due to its silent period. The incidence of HFRS began to increase gradually in 2011. Leptospirosis was first reported in 1960 s, the incidence once reached 445/lakh but it has declined since 1980 s. Scrub typhus has been reported since 1950 s, and the incidence increased recently. Sixteen species of rodents have been discovered since 1984, the predominant species were Rattus norvegicus, Suncus murinus and Rattus flavipectus. Conclusion Several species of rodents, which can transmit diseases, have been discovered in the coastal area of southern Zhejiang. It is important to strengthen the surveillance of rodent borne diseases and the control of rodent density in this area.