北极新奥尔松地区有机氯农药和多氯联苯在不同环境样品中的浓度及特性

采用毛细管气相色谱法(GC-ECD)对北极新奥尔松地区地表沉积物、苔藓和动物粪便中的有机氯农药(OCPs)和多氯联苯(PCBs)进行分析研究。所有样品和空白的回收率分别为69.5%-92.2%(78.8%)、75.1%-112.1%(98.5%)和67.7%-95.1%(79.5%),相对标准偏差分别为6.7%、8.0%和11.3%。检测到OCPs中主要的单体是HCHs和DDTs,浓度范围分别为0.86-4.50ng/g(2.24ng/g)和0.22-1.09ng/g(0.55ng/g),其中HCHs主要以α,β异构体为主,二者占HCHs总量的81.6%,DDTs则主要以单体p,p′-DDD为主。样品中PCBs的浓度范围在0.20-3.25ng/g(0.84ng/g)之间,主要由四氯、五氯和六氯代PCBs同类物组成,分别占总量的23.8%、26.7%和32.3%。本文对HCHs和DDTs各组分间的比值进行了对比研究,并对PCBs同系物进行了主成分分析,证实大气传输是新奥尔松地区环境中POPs污染来源的主要途径之一,并且POPs污染来源具有相同的输入途径。

DISTRIBUTION OF ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES AND POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS IN NY-(A)LESUND OF ARCTIC AREA

Sediment,moss and seabird-dropping samples were collected from Ny-lesund to investigate the distribution of organochlorine pesticides(OCPs)and polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs)in Arctic areas.OCPs and PCBs were analyzed by the method of capillary gas chromatography(GC-ECD).Recoveries of all samples and blanks were at the range of 69.5%—92.2%(78.8%),75.1%—112.1%(98.5%)and 67.7%—95.1%(79.5%),respectively,and the relative standard deviations were 6.7%,8.0% and 11.3%.The major monomers of the OCPs were HCHs with the major isomers of α,β-HCH and DDTs with the major isomer of p,p'-DDD,whose concentrations were at the range of 0.86—4.50 ng/g(2.24 ng/g)and 0.22—1.09 ng/g(0.55 ng/g).The concentrations of PCBs were 0.20—3.25 ng/g(0.84 ng/g)and the major congeners were 4,5 and 6 chlorinated species,which were up to 23.8%,26.7% and 32.3% of total PCBs,respectively.Through the ratio analyses of HCHs and DDTs and the principal component analysis of PCBs,the atmospheric transport was proved to be one of major ways of contaminant source and the source of the POPs was imported by the same way.