健康献血者不规则抗体筛查在临床输血中的意义

目的探讨健康献血者不规则抗体筛查在临床输血中的意义。方法收集2011年8月至2012年10月3 029名健康献血者的血液标本,采用盐水介质法和抗人球蛋白法进行不规则抗体筛查,抗体筛查阳性者做进一步鉴定,分析抗体特异性。结果对新疆维吾尔族自治区农三师图木舒克市中心血站3 029例健康献血者进行不规则抗体筛查阳性17例(0.56%),其中抗-D阳性9例,抗-E阳性4例,抗-e阳性1例,抗-M阳性2例,抗A1阳性1例。男性不规则抗体阳性率为0.43%(6/1 397),女性不规则抗体阳性率为0.67%(11/1 632),差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。有输血史或妊娠史的健康献血者不规则抗体阳性率显著高于无输血史或妊娠史者(1.48%vs0.10%,P<0.05)。结论常规对健康献血者血液标本进行不规则抗体筛查和鉴定,对保障临床用血安全、预防溶血性输血反应具有极其重要的意义。

The significance of irregular antibody screening among healthy blood donors for clinical blood transfusion

Objective To investigate the significance of screening irregular antibodies among healthy blood donors for clinical blood transfusion.Methods 3 029 blood samples of healthy donors from Augst 2011 to October 2012 were collected.Saline medium method and Coombs test were used for irregular antibodies screening.The positive samples of the screening tests were further evaluated to analyze their antibody specificity.Results Among the 3 029 healthy donors,17 cases（0.56%） were positive for irregular antibodies screening,including 9 cases for anti-D antibody,4 cases for anti-E antibody,1 case for anti-e antibody,2 cases for anti-M antibody and 1 case for anti-A1 antibody respectively.The positive rates of male and female were 0.43%（6/1 397） and 0.67%（11/1 632）.The difference had no statistical significance（P0.05）.The positive rate of irregular antibody in healthy donors who had history of blood transfusion or pregnancy was significantly higher than that in healthy donors without history of blood transfusion or pregnancy（1.48 % vs 0.1%,P0.05）.Conclusion It might be with great significance to conduct routine screening and identification of irregular antibody among healthy donors,which could ensures clinical transfusion safety and prevent hemolytic transfusion reaction.